Voting 8. In addition, it led the marginalized groups to be reluctant to participate in the voting. The campaign and rally have their effects on polarizing party attachments and reinforcing candidate preferences. Ross, M. (2008), Oil, Islam, and women, American Political Science Review, Vol. Second: The more the age varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. 35 No. Campaign activities 9. (2018), The impact of country characteristics on civic knowledge and political participation, Politikon: Iapss Journal of Political Science, Vol. Lawless and Fox (2001) pointed out that Low-income people refuse to vote because they have no incentive to do that. Rock the Vote (RTV), a nonpartisan youth mobilization organization, established the first online voter registration initiative in 1992 with official backing from the Congressional Internet Caucus. Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian universities 1-16. Political participation in Jordan is the practice of citizens for their right to influence the political decision, by running for elected councils such as the chamber of deputies, the Council of Trade Unions, the municipal councils and administrative bodies in civil society organizations, as well as voting in elections, whether they were parliamentary or local elections. 25 No. The party inspires in its members a feeling of belongingness. In 1993, Congress passed the National Voter Registration Act, also known as the motor voter law, allowing citizens to register at motor vehicle and social service offices. In addition, ethnic groups feel that they are marginalized within society, and they do not receive adequate political attention, So, they are reluctant to participate in voting. Motor voters success in increasing the ranks of registered voters differs by state depending on how well the program is publicized and executed. The composition of the electorate has changed radically throughout American history. The eligible electorate in the 1800s, when voter turnout consistently exceeded 70 percent, was far different than the diverse pool of eligible voters today. Factors Brady, H.E., Verba, S. and Schlozman, K.L. Voting determines the leadership issues and policies of the party as well as the whole nation. They may attend concerts or participate in sporting events associated with causes, such as the Race for the Cure for breast cancer. Moreover, the reason for not voting was the ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils with (20.3 per cent) for the Jordanians and Inefficiency of candidates for such councils with (38.4 per cent) for the (Palestinians). The ratio of voting in the category (less than 500 dinar) was low, but, the ratio of voting for the other two categories was high. Four white officers were tried in criminal court for the use of excessive force, and they were acquitted of all but one charge. (Nahar, 2012, p. 122). 1040-1061. (1995) noted that inequality in the distribution of incomes affects, political participation, such inequality makes the poor reluctant to vote in elections. Direct mail and e-mail solicitations make fundraising easier, especially when donors can contribute through candidate and political-party websites. 118-133. These characteristics influence how It not only stimulates political learning but also makes citizens responsible. In addition, their aversion from the activities of the parties. 560-568. Gender and Political Participation, Neighborhood poverty and African American politics, Jordanian womens political participation: legislative status and structural challenges, Do women and men know different things? Protest behavior can take many forms. Leigh, B.T. The reason for the low voting ratio of the Palestinians in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. It depends upon a variety of factors that influence it. The survey was conducted on the students of the three Jordanian universities (Jordan, Al-Al Bayt, and Mu'tah), to identify the impact of gender, age, family income and regional affiliation on the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections: Table I shows the results of the analysis of the public universities students views on voting in national and local elections according to the gender. Economic modernization affects political participation through socio-economic status. 1 / 19. People also can engage in symbolic participation, routine or habitual acts that show support for the political system. Political Participation Among Indigenous People Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Dolan (2011), Fox (2011) discussed how to overcome the gender gap in voting. In addition to the requirement that voters must be eighteen years of age, states can enforce residency requirements that mandate the number of years a person must live in a place before being eligible to vote. For example, political participation includes In addition, Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils with (44.7 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23). (2012), The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 81-99. Social environment 3. 617-634. In March 1991, KTLA News at Ten in Los Angeles interrupted programming to broadcast an eighty-one-second amateur videotape of several police officers savagely beating black motorist Rodney King as he stood next to his vehicle. Voting is the most frequent citizen activity, especially in modern democracies. Participation in election campaign or other campaigns is another mode of political participation. Some barriers to voting are informal. Faced with violence, voters are generally pushed away from electoral politics. The number of people who give money to a candidate, party, or political organization has increased substantially since the 1960s. E-mail has made contacting public officials cheaper and easier than the traditional method of mailing a letter. In addition, political participation required some resources, such as money to support the candidates (Lawless and Fox, 2001, p. 362). There are varieties of ways in which people can participate in the political processes of a society. Prohibited Content 3. 453-479. A significant aspect of the relation of the individual to his/her political environment is his/her exposure to the influence of propaganda. Although the democratic transition in many developing countries and the legislative amendments, which granted more rights and freedom for womens participation in politics, there was still a gender gap stemming from the differences in voting between males and females as well as the low voting turnout of women in elections. Why are certain demographic groups more likely to align with the Democratic or Republican Party? What is the probability of the child becoming a strong democrat or strong republican? It was noted that the number of students in the age group (23 less than 30) was a total number of (171) including (141) participated in the voting with (82.5 per cent) in the same category. It can be concluded that: The more the age varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. High socio-economic status is conducive for an increase in the overall amount of political participation. Disclaimer 9. A 2012 study from Harvard, Brown and the University of Missouri-Kansas City, The Impact of Race and Ethnicity, Immigration and Political Context on Participation in Over 90 percent of Americans agree with the principle that citizens have a duty to vote (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). Also, some social factors such as tribal affiliation affects students voting. The Jordanian leadership responded and announced constitutional amendments in 2011. This study is an approach to interpret the factors affecting voting of Jordanian university students, such as gender, age, family income and regional affiliation, which led to different voting in the national and local elections. Before publishing your articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Pengetahuan terhadap politik sangat Cf. They suffer from bad social and economic conditions because most of the wealth and resources are concentrated in the hands of businessmen. The Senate alone receives an average of over four million e-mail messages per week and more than two hundred million e-mail messages per year (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). The more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of Jordanians students. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? it was noted that the number of the students in the age group (18 less than 23) was a total of (654) included (427) participated in the voting with (65.3 per cent) in the same category. Brady et al. (2001), Political participation of the urban poor, Journal of Social Problems, Vol. Methodology 4, pp. Dababneh, A.B. 6-18. In 2010, only about 23 percent of eligible eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds cast a ballot (Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The commission prepare electoral rolls and update the voters list from time to time. Moreover, the voting ratio of the family income group (less than 500 dinars) was low; it was problematic because this group covered the majority of university students. Political socialization 6. Moreover, after the Arab revolutions in late 2010 and early 2011, and Jordanian peaceful demonstrations and protests, the political leadership allowed more constitutional and legal amendments, which strengthened the political participation of all segments of people including Jordanian young people, particularly women (Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). Despite the scope of leadership, Pentecostal church leaders show less propensity of political participation for unknown reasons, especially in African countries. 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, Copyright 2019, Mohammad Soud Alelaimat, Published in Review of Economics and Political Science. In addition to strengthening the participation of young people, especially university students participating in voting and community participation (Jordanian constitution, articles 6, 16, 17, 18, and the election law No. Putnam, R. D., Bowling Alone: Americas Declining Social Capital (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000). (2018), Increasing womens political participation: the role of women-friendly districts, Journal of Representative Democracy, Vol. If so, you are taking part in civil society, the community of individuals who volunteer and work cooperatively outside of formal governmental institutions (Eberly, 1998). 1, pp. WebVCU Scholars Compass | Virginia Commonwealth University Research These groups are as diverse as the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), which supports animal rights, the Concord Coalition, which seeks to protect Social Security benefits, and the Aryan Nation, which promotes white supremacy. Factors Affecting However, most participants are not activists for these causes. Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here? The more the gender varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of males students. So, the voting was in favor of male students. Factors Impeding Women's Political Participation- A Literature Review 8 No. and policies? - International Republican Institute Expressing opinions about leaders, issues, and policies has become one of the most prominent forms of political participation. The "family", one People can work in an election campaign, contact public officials, circulate a petition, join a political organization, and donate money to a candidate or a cause. The ratio of participation varied among different age groups, such as young, adults and older people. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. Verba, S., Burns, N. and Schlozman, K.L. Significant steps have been taken to make registration easier. It deepens the political awareness and increases the sense of political effectiveness. (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1977). Impact of race, ethnicity and immigration status on political Some political activities, such as boycotts and protest movements, involve many people working together to attract the attention of public officials. But this political apathy influences political participation it is not much clear and certain. These events are designed to raise money and awareness of societal problems, such as poverty and health care. Therefore, the present study focuses on the voting of students of Jordanian universities. Such factors are political exposure, political efficacy, education, income, gender, political interest, political culture, political parties, and religious beliefs. Based on the above: Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Palmer and Simon (2008) indicated that the difference in family income affected political participation. The Motivations for Political Participation Among The ethnic diversity impacts cultures and political orientations. Pyeatt, N. and Yanus, B. 2, pp. Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates, Answers to the most commonly asked questions here, The impact of social websites over Jordanian students intentions of active political participation: an application of theory of planned behavior, International Review of Management and Marketing, Jordanian women participation in the parliamentary elections of 2016: field study in Albalqa governorate, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Not all cues are created equal: the conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement, Gender, political participation and electoral systems: a cross-national analysis, Gendered characteristics of political engagement in college students, Beyond SES: a resource model of political participation, A British Gender Gap? However,thereareotherswho Thus, there was a gender gap between Jordanian university male and female universities students' voting in national and local elections. Still, many people do not vote regularly. Every citizen gets one vote that counts equally. Thus, regional affiliation affected the political participation of university students. 185-199. Voter turnout is a mix of two factors: Internal (motivation, eagerness, knowledge) and External (eligibility, mobilization, voter suppression). Voter registration and turnout is influenced by legal and structural factors, voter qualifications, the type of election, and voters enthusiasm about a particular campaign. The present study focuses on money (income). Nahar, G.S. Social psychologists have emphasized on psychological traits which stem from individual personality and cognitive structures. and Fox, R.L. Direct link to 07amclain's post It says that blue collare, Posted 3 years ago. Political participation is action that influences the distribution of social goods and values (Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993). A nineteen-second edit of the tape depicted the most brutal police actions and became one of the most heavily broadcast images in television news history. Soon after the verdict was announced, riots broke out. 3, pp. This was consistent with the studies of Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Homana (2018), which confirmed the low participating of young people in voting. Participation gives an opportunity to express ones own point of view and secure the greatest good for the greatest number. When we define political behaviour in such broad terms as any form of (individual or collective) involvement in the political process, or any activity which has political consequences in relation to government and policy, then naturally both legitimate forms of political participation (such as voting in elections, activism in interest groups, or social movements) and illegitimate political activities (including terrorism, revolutions and coups detat) come under its purview. Thus, there was a difference in the ratio of voting of the Jordanian public universities students in the national and local elections according to the regional affiliation. Community activism is thriving among young people who realize the importance of service that directly assists others. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. The directive to write your member of Congress is taken seriously by increasing numbers of citizens: legislators e-mail boxes are filled daily, and millions of letters are processed by the Capitol Hill post offices. Scholars have argued that socio-economic factors, such as the numbers of graduate women (Hillygus, 2005) and women's participation in the labor force outside Much is made about low levels of voter turnout for presidential elections in the current era. They concluded that the sociopolitical interest of young females could help to overcome this problem, education could be one of the solutions, as political participation of females increases, when they are aware that political events would directly affect their lives. The tape enraged blacks in Los Angeles who saw the police actions as being widespread within the Los Angeles Police Department and not an isolated incident. Social and economic analysis How a citizens living situation, weather, finances, or family issues affect their political behavior. 48 No. Rakka twin peaks and voter registration CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Protest participants received online instructions at the protest site about travel and housing, where to assemble, and how to behave if arrested. At least ten states prohibit former felons from voting even after they have served their time. 362-385. The process by which a person develops political values and beliefs, including through interactions with family, friends, school, religious and civic groups, and the media. Political participation is a complex phenomenon. CBS News Report on the Rodney King Incident.

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