And secondly, because the idea of an original, authentic, or pure Other culture, uncontaminated by Western and other influences is an essentialist fallacy, especially in a world of global interconnectedness and hybridisation, in which the very notion of cultural purity has become a fantasy. Typographic Calque This occurs when typographical conventions that exist only in the source language are transferred to the new language. Performances of corroborees and other cultural practices can therefore be staged for tourists while the traditional rituals are on the brink of extinction. (PDF) Language ideology and the presence of calques in Romanian Exoticisms multi-sensory appeal is especially evident in ethnic food films such as The Scent of Green Papaya, Yin Shi Nan Nu (Eat Drink Man Woman, Ang Lee, Taiwan/USA, 1994), Like Water for Chocolate, Politiki Kouzina (A Touch of Spice, Tassos Boulmetis, Greece/Turkey, 2003) and The Lunchbox (Ritesh Batra, India/France/Germany/USA/Canada, 2013), to mention but a few titles of this prolific genre. Sight & Sound, February, p. 68. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. Bibliography for the study of Baroque art and architecture, Biblical Iconography in the Graphic Work of Rembrandt's Circle, in: Rembrandt and his Circle: Insights and Discoveries, ed. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Claudia Swan Whilecontent andlanguageformacertain unityinthe original,like afruit andits skin,the languageofthe translationenvelopsits content likearoyal robe with amplefolds.For it signifiesamoreexalted languagethan itsown andthusremains unsuited to itscontent, overpowering andalien. Berghahn, Daniela (2017). The word exotic was first introduced into the English language in 1599, meaning alien, introduced from abroad, not indigenous. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to assume that world cinema per se is decoded as exotic. (2000). exoticism translations: . However, the date of retrieval is often important. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! In: Isabel, Santaolalla, ed., New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness. 285-304. Notions of the exotic are associated with the lush vegetation of the tropics, geographically positioned between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. VW left that word in its ad in English to emphasize that the car is German, and to give the reader (or listener) the notion of something unusual and exotic, to underline that the car is made in Germany, and thus has great engineering, etc. Stephanie S. Dickey, Amsterdam 2017, pp. New York: Columbia University Press. For a theorisation of global art cinema, cf. exoticism in American English. Another Examples of Exoticism Exoticism in Translation Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. Most critics in the West denounce exotic cinema and its commodification of cultural difference as unethical and exploitative. %PDF-1.7 Durham and London: Duke University Press. Goethe was particularly interested in the European reception of the foreign, which points towards the Eurocentric perspective underpinning world literature. Papastergiadis, Nikos (2011). 1. a tendency to adopt what is exotic. Forsdick, Charles (2003). Berghahn, 2017: 29). 1 [1. It is not suitable for many language pairs . 1997. Heung, Maria (1997). Goods ranging from treasured, unique objects to commodities traded in vast quantities always accumulate layers of meanings as they move through time and space. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? The Presence, Influence and Collection of Seventeenth-Century Netherlandish Art in Hungary, Bibliography to Sehnsucht Persien/The Fascination of Persia. Damrosch, David (2003) What Is World Literature? Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts. Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema. noun. That is why, in the words of Fatimah Tobing Rony (1996: 6), the exotic is always already known [] explorers, anthropologists and tourists voyage to foreign places in search of the novel, the undiscovered. Out of the ordinary: ways of saying that something is unusual (2), Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023. Modulation: A Translation Method to Obtain Naturalness in Target ORIENTALISM . Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). the quality of being exotic; "he loved the exoticism of Egypt". Good stuff. Eine historische Vergegenwrtigung. ), Budapest, 2014. Was Van Vliet involved in some of Rembrandt's own etchings? Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. Entirely apart from the plot, there is the sensuous pleasure of the architecture, the fabrics, the color contrasts, the faces of the actresses.. The visual pleasure afforded by exotic spectacle is arguably the chief vehicle that allows world cinema to travel and be understood, or misunderstood, as the case may be, by cultural outsiders who are potentially disadvantaged by a hermeneutic deficit of culturally specific knowledge when trying to understand films from elsewhere. Huggan, Graham. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin. Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, the article proposes that exoticism is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. Exotismus in den Niederlanden der Fruhen Neuzeit, Exotica on the Move: Birds of Paradise in Early Modern Holland, Domesticating Goods from Overseas: Global Material Culture in the Early Modern Netherlands, Rembrandt and his Time - through Hungarian Eyes. The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle. An abundance of colors, sounds, smells, and tactile experiences promise to gratify the senses within an economy that gives free rein to consumption, unrestrained by political responsibility and ethical commitment to the real actors of exotic fantasies: that is, it disregards the role of disadvantaged people, coming mainly from third-world nations, who make a meager living from appearing in the dramatized fantasies staged in tropical holiday resorts and nightclubs. For very technical texts, where accuracy of content is king, it might be closer to -2 or -1. Raise the Red Lantern Review. A Subaltern Studies Reader: 19861995. White Western writers, painters and filmmakers have equally partaken in the process of cultural translation by making foreign people, their cultures and traditions as well as ethnic minorities within their own national or cultural sphere. These features jointly contribute to the films impenetrability which, in turn, engenders a sense of enigma that amplifies its exotic allure by confirming the belief that the Other can never be fully fathomed. During the nineteenth century exotic gained the connotation of a stimulating or exciting difference, something with which the domestic could be (safely) spiced. In. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. 321 0 obj What does exoticism mean? How then are certain global art films decoded as exotic, while others are simply strange or bewildering? 303319. exoticism in Traditional Chinese - Cambridge Dictionary Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. As exotic goods and materials become part of the domestic environment, global goods gain local meanings, and simultaneously bestow new layers of meaning on the material culture of the early modern Netherlands. To be sure, this does not normally apply to popular genre films predominantly targeting domestic viewers, although these sometimes become art films when exhibited abroad (Galt and Schoonover, 2010: 7) or, as the case of the wuxia pian (Chinese swordplay film) illustrates, are adopted by world cinema auteurs like Wong Kar-wai (Yi Dai Zong Shi/The Grandmaster, Hong Kong/China, 2013) and Hou Hsiao-hsien (Cike Nie Yin Niang/The Assassin, Taiwan/China/Hong Kong/France, 2015), who transform them into refined arthouse films. When the concepts and structure of the source text can be easily translated into the target language, direct translation techniques are usually used. What they find [] is what they already knew they would find, images predigested by certain platitudes and commonplaces. Ronys observation goes a long way in explaining why exotic forms of cultural representation often seem clichd and stereotypical. Offering Tales they Want to Hear: Transnational European Film Funding as Neo-Orientalism. Learn a new word every day. London and New York: Routledge. The film was shot in the classic three-strip Technicolor process to achieve a richness of reds and yellows no longer visible in Hollywood cinema which abandoned the three-strip Technicolor camera in 1954. Khoo, Olivia (2007). The same holds true for world cinema, which must travel from its site of origin and be watched by audiences originating from different nations, regions or cultures. For example, Mira Nairs films Salaam Bombay! He was following in the footsteps of the painter Paul Gauguin, whose colourful paintings of semi-nude Polynesian women against the backdrop of lush tropical scenery have shaped the Western imagination of the Polynesian islands. The translations of exoticism from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word exoticism in English. Exoticism in Translation refers to using words and phrases which sound "exotic" in the translated language, because they are of a foreign origin. Find out the translation of exoticism to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator. Goethes Idee der Weltliteratur. History ." Their common denominator is, as I shall illustrate, that they resonate with the multi-faceted iconography of exoticism. This usually takes two forms: either discovering a common humanity that transcends cultural differences or recognising aesthetic forms and patterns familiar from European art cinema in world cinema. ), The Ashgate Research Companion to Dutch Art of the Seventeenth Century, London 2016, pp. 2. exotic quality or character. Chen has three wives already and Songlian, as his fourth wife or concubine, vies with the others for his attention and material favours, and much jealousy and intrigue ensue. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, "Exoticism It is worth emphasising that cultural translation shapes world cinema at every single stage. Google Translate is going to not make this decision, I think. 1990. Department of Media Arts, Royal Holloway, Encounters with Cultural Difference: Cosmopolitanism and Exoticism in, (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, 2015) and, Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, Goethes Idee der Weltliteratur. But needless to say, the individual human decision will not be made to use exoticisms and be in the -1 to -2 range. rogerebert.com 27 March. Against this background, contemporary world cinema and the global film festival circuit, its prime site of exhibition, can be understood as a new type of contact zone, which Mary Louise Pratt has famously theorised in the colonial context as the intercultural space of symbolic exchange and transculturation, catering for cosmopolitan cinephiles and their interest in cultural difference. The standard taxonomy in translation looks like this: -2 = Exoticism (very strong elements of source language + culture left in), -1 = Cultural borrowing (minor source elements left in), 0 = Calque (a balanced translation that tries to tow a line between both cultures and languages), +1 = Communicative translation (more toward the target language), +2 = Cultural transplantation (source elements removed and complete loyalty to the target language; as if never translated, with no hints of source language or culture). The viewers and critics of the home country can do nothing but be astounded by and follow the judgment of the authority of the Western world. Kaplan, E. Ann (1997). c}_i_3F)16=j. Whether or not this kind of autoethnography is a deliberate strategy or an unconscious process is one of the questions that Rey Chow addresses in her study Primitive Passions on Fifth Generation Chinese cinema and Chinese visual culture more broadly. The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses. Film Quarterly,47 (3), pp. Mitigating gender bias in machine translation: adapt, then correct The aim of this study is to investigate translation from the perspective of those who employ translators by analyzing a database of job advertisements for a variety of translation-related. The Guardian, 21 January. Framegrab. In short, it turns cultural difference into a form of commodity fetishism. 49 0 obj Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. For instance, if I were translating the classic VW advertising text from the early 1990s, I might leave the German term for "the joy of driving" in German: "Fahrvergngen". 6276. What particular qualities do films as diverse as Raise the Red Lantern, LOdeur de la papaye verte (The Scent of Green Papaya, Trn Anh Hng, France/Vietnam, 1993), Como agua para chocolate (Like Water for Chocolate, Alfonso Arau, Mexico, 1992), Fa yeung nin wa (In the Mood for Love, Wong Kar-wai, Hong Kong/China, 2000), Three Seasons (Tony Bui, Vietnam/USA, 2000), Water (Deepa Mehta, Canada/India, 2007), The Assassin, Tanna (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, Australia/Vanuatu, 2015) and El abrazo de la serpiente (Embrace of the Serpent, Ciro Guerra, Columbia/Venezuela/Argentina, 2015) possess to elicit the exotic gaze in the spectator? Europes Myths of Orient: Devise and Rule. This is, however, not to say that all exotic films substitute glossy surfaces for deep meaning, thereby effectively compensating for the hermeneutic deficit that may arise when world cinema travels. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Nagib, Lcia, Chris, Perriam and Rajinder, Dudrah (2012). Framegrab. Professor of Film Studies, Dr. By bringing world cinema and exoticism into conversation with cultural translation I have sought to consider exoticisms heuristic potential outside the dominant ideological discourse and thereby challenge the overwhelmingly pejorative connotations surrounding the concept. The film premiered at the 1991 Venice Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion and was subsequently nominated for the Academy Awards. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? It is ravishing to watch like being caressed by layers of precious silks, writes Wendy Ide (2015) in The Times, it is virtually impossible to unpick fully what is going on. This sense of enigma and mystery is due to family and political intrigues that are the mainstay of the narrative coupled with the fact that there are two actresses playing double roles (Clarke, 2016). (LogOut/ These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'exoticism.' Ungarn Jahrbuch. It thus follows that, the exotic is not [] an inherent quality to be found in certain people, distinctive objects or specific places (Huggan, 2001: 13), but instead denotes a particular perception of cultural difference that arises from the encounter with foreign cultures, landscapes, animals, people and their customs that are either geographically remote or taken out of their original context and absorbed into a home culture, essentialized, simplified and domesticated (Forsdick, 2003: 48). The exotic first emerged as a concept in Western history when European nations began to explore and appropriate far-flung parts of the world. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale. Literal translation is your straightforward word-for-word translation. <> But Chow goes one step further, suggesting that any form of cultural translation, whether it is ethnography or the kind of autoethnography underpinning exotic world cinema, is necessarily a form of distortion or even betrayal.3 Firstly, as the Italian expression Traduttore, traditore Translator, traitor implies, the task of translating is associated with the pejorative implication of infidelity (Chow, 1995: 183). Social and cultural differences exist between and amongst nations. But at the same time, it is (like world cinema) a travelling concept that depends on mobility and the crossing of cultural boundaries to come into being. cat. In Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination. The Velvet Light Trap,50, pp. Rembrandt and the Dutch Golden Age (exh. Durham and London: Duke University Press. The Lords of Humankind: European Attitudes to the Outside World in the Imperial Age. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. 310 0 obj exoticism definition | Cambridge Dictionary (PDF) The translation of culturally specific items - ResearchGate In fact, realism appears to be the more prevalent aesthetic approach taken in global art cinema and certainly the one to receive far more critical attention, cf. endobj Realism of the Senses in World Cinema: The Experience of Physical Reality. 2023. In: Sheldon, Hsiao-peng Lu, ed., Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender. Tracing global and local aspects of design as it appears in idealized representations and in early modern Dutch historical objects, I argue that embodied experiences play key roles in the domestication of goods from overseas. Foreignisation and resistance: Lawrence Venuti and his critics London and New York: Routledge. The term exoticism describes a cultural phenomenon that projects Western fantasies about profound cultural differences. Historically, the exotic is inextricably linked to eighteenth-century voyages of exploration during which the encounter with radical cultural difference in remote corners of the world prompted a mutual sense of astonishment and wide-eyed wonder (though historical records, travelogues and novels of adventure are invariably skewed towards the astonishment experienced by Europeans). 27 Apr. For marketing texts, closer to +2. Meaning of "exoticism" in the English dictionary Although her martial arts skills are unsurpassed, on several occasions, her heart blocks her from completing her deadly assignments. Taking our cue from Al-Najjar (1989), the paper shows that employing Arabicisation can be through (1) loanword in which traits of exoticism are observed in Arabic; (2) loanblend: a hybrid form of the translated item consisting of two parts, one belongs to the Source Language (SL) and another belongs to the Target Language (TL); (3) translation . find that literal translation would result in awkward or unnatural translation. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism. Once associated with the exotic "Eastern" themes and styles of Eugene Delacroix's, James McNeill Whistler's, and John Singer Sargent's, Fantasy

Sasha Neulinger Uncle Howard, Articles E