For the majority of the population, observing what neighbours or friends have done and asking for information in order to follow their examples remains a powerful motivation to adopt new technologies: If we notice a certain tree is useful for a neighbour, we introduce this For example, to test new bean cultivars, women use small plots of land to plant beans first in pure and later in various mixes of cultivars repeated over several seasons on different locations and soils (Sperling, 1992; Sperling et al, 1993; Sperling, personal communication). Q3.6. the farmer's experiment was widely considered to be well-designed But there are recently-introduced species, such as Pinus and others, which we planted after we heard talks about their utility and the beauty of its lumber. But, now we have exchanged our knowledge and we have harmonized our treatment of ifumbi. . If the simulation is a personal universe [86] it may be significantly better than the base reality as it is designed with our optimal well-being in mind. You switch to eatingsoy porridge for breakfast, instead of the corn meal youve grown accustomed to. Beyond What can he conclude about his hypothesis? That was abundantly clear when, in March, Cyclone Freddy barreled into the south of Malawi, dropping six months of rain in six days. Crashing the simulation by running the Large Hadron Collider at current levels [196]. Q3.5. a) The uncovered rows. Alexander Mpondas parents grew maize. Many explanations were given for the different levels of agroforestry knowledge, many of which are beyond the control of the farmers. When a heavy rain began washing the topsoil off the land a few years ago, he and his neighbors dug a new channel to let the water out. Rwandans themselves do their little research. o innate immune system its competitive and/or allelopathic effects, and its social benefits. This monument would act as a signal to our monitors. Save on your first order! If our simulation is being observed, it may be possible to communicate that we know that we are being simulated and elicit empathy for our suffering, in the hopes that it will allow us to recruit some external abolitionists to help us escape our current predicament. So Mr. Mponda, 26, grows maize. Q: But can you confirm to us: Do you know whether other healers treating ifumbi have the same knowledge that you have about ifumbi and its treatment? modifying the past [164], keeping cats both dead and alive [165], communicating counterfactually [166]). or tree knowledge, because such knowledge is not acquired in school. For farmers who have little land, the risk associated with experimentation may be too great because they need all that land to produce sufficient food for their families. to the consultants, they contribute to soil fertility through leaf litter. No. Knowledge depends on intelligence person who provided the above information probably referred to agroforestry Simulation Warfare [67] is the idea to threaten simulators by suggesting that you will either retroactively place them in a hell simulation or that you have already done so [155], and they will be tortured unless you are quickly released. These research designs progress from those with high validity and generalizability to those with less validity and generalizability. The ICRAF/ISAR programme provided seedlings or seeds of 15 tree He has short trees whose flowers are natural pesticides. Advertisements for a new energy drink claim that it helps people concentrate, and you are designing an experiment to test the hypothesis that the energy drink improves concentration. example Eucalyptus, Cupressus, Pinus, Grevillea). But if it grows well, it will get the attention of the neighbour by itself. His field was now just mud and sand. He plants seeds he saves. I will do the same if the species gives seeds. b) The independent variable is presence/absence of nets and the dependent variable is number of rows. What suggests developmental delays in two-year-olds? And the way to do that would be to build our own simulated realities, designed so that within those virtual worlds are entities creating their version of a simulated reality, which is in turn doing the same, and so on all the way down the rabbit hole. But the idea of 500 seedlings took them aback. For citations list see original article: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364811408_How_to_Hack_the_Simulation, Get unlimited access to thousands of articles and videos. If all of this worked, the universe as we know it might crash, revealing itself as a mirage just as we winked out of existence. Crashing the simulation is the ultimate existential risk ([142] section 5.1), but it does end all suffering in this world [143]. In this speculative long read, Roman V. Yampolskiy argues if we are living inside a simulation, we should be able to hack our way out of it. a gift of God)2, some stated that it comes from experience, while others felt it comes from being well-informed and having gone to school (although they considered knowledge learned in school "artificial knowledge"). If it is a species that provides timber, we are going to saw it for boards. c) The other 7 fields. middle of the fields (remnants of former home compounds) where, according It was an easy source of calories for plantation labor. How do farmers deal with risk associated with introducing new, perhaps unknown, technologies? 43) what is the independent (treatment) variable in the Farmer's experiment? We also observe if the tree grows straight, its diameter and its age. One consultant stated that most farmers would be able to plant unknown species if they received sufficient information about the potential benefits, planting methods and best location for planting beforehand. A few are turning away from one legacy of European colonialism, the practice of planting rows and rows of maize, or corn, and saturating the fields with chemical fertilizers. The consultants agreed it is important to plant all the desired species at the same time when building a home compound, so they develop together and make a strong, dense fence. But if they do not provide anything for my son to eat, I will get rid of them. If the simulation is decentralized, with observers serving as client authoritative state nodes, it may be possible to change the state of the simulation by changing majority of local observer models of the world. A similar proposal calls for engaging in computationally intense activities in the hopes of overloading the simulators hardware causing the simulation to crash [140]. Lab 1: SimBio: Understanding Experimental Design Flashcards Or, a large statue of Lawrence Fishburne as Morpheus would probably get the point across. However, the case studies did not yield sufficient information about the specifics The farmer thinks it may be either birds (landing on the bushes to feast on berries) or rodents (climbing the bushes from below to munch on berries). In 2019, George Hotz famous for jailbreaking iPhone and PlayStation has given a talk on Jailbreaking the Simulation [71] in which he claimed that "it's possible to take actions here that affect the upper world" [72], but didnt provide actionable insights. Are you going to plant these 500 trees of which If these species do not reproduce, the neighbours will have nothing as a As more QM research is delegated to AI the progress is likely to become exponential. The exact location also depends During the focus group meetings, several questions were asked DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS 9.1 REVIEW OF THE PROJECT CASE STUDIES: WHAT WORKED AND WHAT DIDN'T. Mostly, though, farmers planted trees because of their utility, even before the arrival of the `white people' and the establishment of nurseries. character of these trees. Although most consultants felt it would be difficult to plant 500 seedlings of a species without knowing their utility, they did not completely reject the offer. ditches or on terraces (Grevillea, Vernonia). It is umunvegenyege (Sesbania sesban). Pumpkin vines crawl on the ground. A simulated (pseudo)-escape can be accomplished by instead of trying to hack into the external world switching over into a simulated world of our creation [86, 87]. The following discussion is, therefore, not based on observations of what consultants actually did with the species they were given, but on interactions. The maize can fail. Numerous examples of executed hacks of virtual worlds [117-119], games [120-123], air-gaps [124], and hardware [125, 126] could be studied as practical examples of escaping from human made virtual worlds. SUGGESTED READING What are the independent (treatment) and dependent (response) variables in the farmer's experiment? allelopathic will be planted in woodlots distant from crop fields (for Consultant 3: What I can add to the above is that in most cases the neighbour provides the information concerning planting such trees and yield. Somini Sengupta and photographer Khadija Farah traveled across Malawi to meet farmers adapting creatively to the climate crisis. BLY 121 Lab. Lab 1:Understanding Experimental Design knowledge in particular. Across southern Africa, climate shocks have dampened maize yields already, and if temperatures continue to rise, yields are projected to decline further. Field Experiment. Consultants used the Kinyarwanda word for experimentation, igerageza, when talking about this species trial, which is quite different from the connotation of researchers trained in the scientific tradition. Religions dont seem to have influence over simulation as indicated by their inability to outcompete each other. There are several rules of thumb that farmers follow when determining where a species should be located within a field. One of the premises of this case study is that experimentation is a knowledge-building process. After it becomes possible for agents to pass information directly to the real world they may begin to interact with the simulators. As each species has it own planting method, both groups could be right. If the species produces the desired product within the predetermined time frame, the trial is considered a success and the farmer may decide to plant additional trees of the species: If I discover that a certain species only provides fuelwood, I will not ask for additional trees of this species. what. It inundated the fields. He has his own knowledge about the treatment of this disease and I have mine. many smaller farmers plant fruit trees (particularly avocado) on the home compound, Its the antithesis of industrial agriculture. the farmer's experiment was widely considered to be well-designed and well-implemented. What would happen? Round answer to two decimal places if necessary. Like Judith Harry and her neighbors, they are sowing pigeon peas to shade their soils from a hotter, more scorching sun. I planted them among my coffee trees. April 27, 2023. Grab P Switch. Their scrappy, throw-everything-at-the-wall array of innovations is multiplied by small subsistence farmers elsewhere in the world. The resulting scores of couples were combined because many informants stated that if wives are knowledgeable about trees, their husbands must also be knowledgeable. To provide some motivational examples, Figure 1 (left) shows domain transfer experiment in which a Carassius auratus is given a fish operated vehicle [79] to navigate terrestrial environment essentially escaping from its ocean universe and Figure 1 (right) shows a complete 302-neuron connectome of Caenorhabditis elegans uploaded to and controlling a Lego Mindstorms robot body, completely different from its own body [80]. If the seedling showed positive aspects such as fast growth, potential for profit, non-competitive behaviour and provided useful products, the consultants would increase the number of trees. As we currently have no capability to read/write simulations source code and do not know if our attempts at social engineering attacks have any impact, our best bet is to investigate the structure of our universe at the smallest possible scale (Quantum Mechanics (QM)) in the hopes of detecting exploitable effects. You insist too much on this! Were the solution steps not detailed enough? What are the experimental units in his experiment? Also the value of its national currency has shrunk. Knowing about the simulation hypothesis doesnt seem to make any difference, and doesnt lead to the simulation termination as we can observe. 2020 - 2024 www.quesba.com | All rights reserved. of tree products such as yeasts for brewing beer, seasoning, medicine, fuelwood vest them and share some with the neighbour. He rushed to plant sweet potato vines. now found all over the area and with vetiver which we were sceptical about No, no, After this introduction, the name of the species was given (farmers who had tested it around Rwerere had tentatively baptized it `umuvumbuka') but no additional information about its potential benefits. Qualia mining simulations can be classified as a type of entertainment simulation and would have comparable security. If one of these trees is close repeat visits which offered the opportunity to learn how tree cultivation and Breaking out of your routine, such as by suddenly traveling to a new location, doesnt result in unexpected observations. Some have a feeling for experimentation and research and are constantly tinkering in search of new knowledge and technologies, others are satisfied with what they have and know Economic circumstances affect knowledge A large farm offers more opportunity to experiment and acquire knowledge. For example, if it serves as a prison [89], for rehabilitation purposes [90] or a containment environment for evaluation [91], training [92] or handicapping [93] of potentially dangerous intelligent agents it might be designed with multiple integrated security features, while a purely entertainment-focused simulation is unlikely to have advanced security features and would be much easier to escape from. Droughts scorch their soil. The person who introduced gapeli spread this species among us and we have cultivated this plant in our region for more than 15 years. When one discovers a tree, one observes it. If it proves useful, everyone will Figure 2: Left Hex Editor Overlaid on SMW [129]; Right Flappy Bird game installed in SMW [129]; Since it was possible to write code with precise Mario movements and spin-jumps, that implies that if Mario was sufficiently intelligent he could discover and code this hack from within the SMW (assuming Marios actions are writing to the same memory locations as actions from the controllers used to generate Marios actions). anti-erosion ditches, the planting of Grevillea alongside these ditches, Eucalyptus woodlots and cassava cultivation). The vast majority agreed that everybody needs trees and: Every person has a need to develop and to know what he does not yet know. Cyclones, once rare, are now regular. Such extension appears to be an im 3 days ago. For comparison, Table 1 (right) shows an ancient magical spell which reads similar to the action sequence of the left, but for which we dont have sufficient meta-data which can explain why all magical spells fail to work in practice even if they corresponded to working hacks in our universe. If I plant them Most consultants would accept from 2-4 seedlings so they could test performance and find out more about the utility of the species. And, because there are many species available, some of which provide the same or similar benefits, an almost unlimited number of variations in agroforestry systems is possible. In either case it would be good to know our true situation. In some cases, extension workers, through the information they provide, push farmers to make uniform decisions. Finally, one cannot help but wonder what it would mean if we left the consensus, developing a cognitive model of reality very different from the one shared by other observers. How do consultants evaluate their experiments and determine whether the new species will be of interest to them ? Now, the rains might start late or finish early. But, whatever the source, a person must use the information to be recognized as knowledgeable. If the simulation is/running on a quantum computer [162] it is very likely that we will need to hack it by exploiting quantum weirdness and/or constructing a powerful quantum computer of our own to study how to hack such devices [163] and interact with simulators quantum computer.Quantum entanglement, nonlocality, superposition, uncertainty, tunnelling, teleportation, duality, and many others quantum phenomena defy common sense experience-based expectations of classical physics and feel like glitches. What can he conclude about his hypothesis? I start with a trial. Three processes can be identified through which farmers acquire agroforestry knowledge: 1. the ability to precisely measure at least one dependent variable.The four main design categories with regard to user research are correlational, experimental, quasi-experimental, and single subject. How does the farmer determine if a new species is beneficial? For good measure, alongside the maize, he planted some sorghum, too. Is it umuruku (Tephrosia vogelii)? What is the probability that a randomly selected CMSU student will be male? Q3.5. short descriptions in Kinyarwanda of each species and consultants were asked Add to that a shortage of chemical fertilizers, which most African countries import from Russia, now at war. This may have been because of the traditional belief that women cannot admit they have more knowledge than their husbands (Bucyobukiro, personal communication). cannot. [153]. (Even the argument about the Simulation Argument had a bug in it [62].). For this reason, we want to introduce these new species which will perhaps be edible or have other, similar importance. Simulating reality What is the control group in his experiment? Our criteria cannot be the same. This species had been tested for several years on the ISAR stations of Rwerere (Ruhengeri Prefecture) and Gakuta (Kibuye Prefecture) but none of the farmers in southern Rwanda had seen or heard of it. Some ridges theyve treated with manure; others not. obtained at birth, education, training by parents and interest in discovering Our descendants certainly will benefit from them. One group maintained that trees should be planted at the same time as other crops, i.e. there must be at least one precise independent variable. He has eight fields with 10 rows of berry bushes in each field. Birds are not eating the berries. Exploiting the glitch, agents can obtain information about the external world and maybe even meta-information about their simulation, perhaps even the source code behind the simulation and the agents themselves, permitting some degree of simulation manipulation and debugging. Down south, in a district called Balaka, Jafari Black did all the things. ICRAF also provided Trivially, escape would provide incontrovertible evidence for the simulation hypothesis [3]. For example, it should be possible to get controlling code from a Koopa in the Mario video game and upload it as a controller into a turtle-compatible robot body in our world, essentially leading an assisted escape. - Timber and fuelwood trees and those that are highly competitive and/or Thus, the tree experts who participated in the species trial preferred to try unknown species. Other farmers, especially neighbours, were cited most frequently as information sources: One plants a tree species because one has seen its utility for a neighbour. Since these factors vary with individuals, regardless a medicine against diarrhoea. to post comments or In brief, we will discover the utility of these trees afterwards. However, according to this Rwandan proverb: A second group of consultants maintained that farmers can cultivate a new species without prior knowledge of its name, planting and management methods or its utility. Theres only so much small farmers in a small country can do, if the worlds biggest climate polluters, led by the United States and China, fail to reduce their emissions. For example, that prove useful to us. One starts with a small number to determine the way in which they grow and their utility. list the steps that are followed if a suspect's blood is found at a crime scene. In addition, Eucalyptus Over the course of 8 weeks, he counts the berries harvested from each row of bushes in the test field. Submit your documents and get free Plagiarism report, The farmer'$ experiment was widely considered to be well-designed and well-implemented After 8 weeks, he found no difference between groups, and the berry harvest was still lower thar in previous years. These examples also explain why the few farmers who had planted Calliandra calothyrsus had done so primarily to produce timber, not fodder, stakes or green manure. A suitable experimental design acts as a road map for the research methodologies, aiding readers in understanding more clearly how the data were gathered and, as a result, enabling them to analyze the findings correctly. We also observe if the tree yields This is a sample answer. After 8 weeks, he found no difference between groups, and the berry harvest was still lower than in previous years. cutting of the whole tree). not. If we dont get a favorable response from our simulators we can also try appealing to their simulators, who might be more ethical/helpful. Planting several trees and crops on one patch of land often takes more time and labor. Fundamental philosophical questions about origins, consciousness, purpose, and nature of the designer are likely to be common knowledge for those outside of our universe. If you proceed like that, you are only complicating my life. We help them cope with academic assignments such as essays, articles, term and research papers, dissertations, coursework, case studies, PowerPoint presentations, reviews, etc. The covered rows Q.45) After 8 weeks, The farmer found no difference between the Posted In the consultants' opinions, agroforestry knowledge is largely individual; collective agroforestry knowledge is built by sharing technologies and knowledge gained through trials. This could be a lot more challenging but also a lot more fun with more advanced game AIs. For example, hedonistic imperative [34] may be fully achieved resulting in a suffering-free world. Two varieties of peanuts are being tested. Eighty-percent of all truck travel more than how many miles? 44) What is the control group in this experiment? But, such risks are also associated with well-accepted and common agricultural practices. What can he conclude about his hypothesis? I observed them with a lot of curiosity. Until now, we have not planted trees without first learning about their utility. A partial-simulation implies that triggering a shutdown may be sufficient to get back to the base reality, while a full-simulation would require a more sophisticated approach. Cause simulation shutdown (and hopefully our extraction) by generating an incomputable paradox [138], for example via time travel and associated grandfather paradox [139].

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