He then used the videos to create the 1995 documentary titled Spin. If the status of a given idea changes, then Wikipedia changes to reflect that change. For the project, the girl (who is also related to King John) linked Barack Obama as her 18th cousin through Obamas mothers family. If an article is written about a well-known topic about which many peer-reviewed articles are written, it should not include fringe theories that may seem relevant but are only sourced to obscure texts that lack peer review. Likewise, an alleged speech by Stalin supposedly indicates that he hoped that Germanys war with Britain and France would leave the three countries exhausted, consequently making them easy pickings for the Soviets. Sometimes fringe sciences are accepted and become mainstream. Superseded_scientific_theories - chemeurope.com The mortality rate remained significantly higher than average for many years. In the wake of the crisis, a large number of people in Donora got cancer. Some people have examined the images of the dead man and suggested flaws, discrepancies, and tampering. ", "A report from the American Physical Society spring meeting 12 May 1989 Baltimore, MD Special session on cold fusion", "Distinguishing science from pseudoscience", http://podcastdownload.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/77/510036/143369581/KERA_143369581.mp3, "Optimising public understanding of science: A comparative perspective", CSICOP On-line: Scientifically Investigating Paranormal and Fringe Science Claims, "Parapsychology: Science or Pseudo-Science? To back up this claim, proponents state that the narrative of ancient Japanese history essentially mirrors the Jewish one. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. This has resulted in a tendency to dismiss all fringe science as the domain of pseudoscientists, hobbyists, and quacks.[4]. They also point out similarities between the customs and ceremonies of the Jewish and Shinto religions. The pop science audience is in millions and you can't assume they all have similar opinions. Fringe Science - Exploring the Bounderies of Research Yet. She is saying due to string theory people lost faith in all sciences. In August 2013, the Japanese government announced that Fukushima had experienced a massive leak of radiation-contaminated water. A list created by: Lee Sonogan Science gives as the most absolute truths. After the story made headlines, the girl said that she wasnt surprised by the connection because the people seemed to have a common trait of wanting power. A fringe theory is an idea or viewpoint held by a small group of supporters. Fringe science topics Mind Control Pyrokinesis Teleportation Psychokinesis Nanotechnology Artificial Intelligence Precognition Dark Matter Suspend Animation Cybernetics Transmogrification Hypnosis ESP Neuroscience Clairaudience Hive Mind Parallel Universes Cryonics Astral Projection Protoscience Mutation Genetic Engineering Transhumanism Hitlerwho got wind of the planhad no other choice but to launch a preemptive strike. Weve covered Gilles de Raiss horrific crimes too many times already. Together with beat poet Allen Ginsberg, Leary began the psychedelic revolution, and encouraged his followers to turn on, tune in, drop out.. write that "From a media perspective it is evident that controversial science sells, not only because of its dramatic value, but also since it is often connected to high-stake societal issues."[32]. Lets hope North Korea doesnt figure out the whole nuclear weapon thing. 10 Fantastically Far-Fetched Fringe Theories by Marc V. fact checked by Jamie Frater As we have previously discussed, fringe theories contain premises and ideas that radically differ from the mainstream point of view. Fringe (srie tlvise) Wikipdia The 10 Most Fascinating (And Terrifying) Fringe Sciences By All That's Interesting | Edited By Savannah Cox Published July 25, 2014 Updated April 5, 2018 Relativity Einstein is responsible for this one. On the day of the shooting, two State Police officers and an FBI agent interviewed Todashev for approximately eight hours before he confessed to being involved with Tamerlan Tsarnaev in the 2011 murders. Wikipedia is not a forum for presenting new ideas, for countering any systemic bias in institutions such as academia, or for otherwise promoting ideas which have failed to merit attention elsewhere. Fringe Science | FringeWiki | Fandom About: Fringe theory - DBpedia The notability of a fringe theory must be judged by statements from verifiable and reliable sources, not the proclamations of its adherents. These abilities supposedly then deteriorated over thousands of years. Almost immediately, they started to complain of respiratory distress and illness. The smog has spawned a large number of conspiracy theories, revolving around US Steels refusal to release the records about the disaster, including an air chemical analysis. They point to the fact that no identification was found on the body, and that the recorded height of the man was not consistent with Lazcanos size. More evidence that we will all be his underlings some day. The text is widely believed to be a hoax, but has been presented as fact at different points throughout history. Points that are not discussed in independent sources should not be given any space in articles. Additionally, the topic must satisfy general notability guidelines: the topic must receive significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject. A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint which differs from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. To solve the problem, the Japanese government has decided to build a mile-long impenetrable frozen wall beneath the plant, to prevent groundwater from mixing with contaminated water. 39462, posted 15 Jun 2012 12:52 UTC The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of R&D in the Pharmaceutical Industry Massoud Khazabi1 University of Ottawa The paper . Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities.The term is commonly used in a narrower sense as a pejorative roughly synonymous with pseudo-scholarship.Precise definitions that distinguish between widely held viewpoints . Fringe reports have been published claiming that Tokyo is becoming highly contaminated with radiation. It can include work done to the appropriate level of scholarship in a field of study but only supported by a minority of practitioners, to more dubious work. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Antecedents from the 1930s It was also initially claimed that he threatened the officers with a knife, gun, or sword, but these reports were later dismissed. [2]:176, The term "fringe science" covers everything from novel hypotheses which can be tested by means of the scientific method to wild ad hoc hypotheses and mumbo jumbo. For example, creationism and creation science should be described primarily as religious and political movements and the fact that claims from those perspectives are disputed by mainstream theologians and scientists should be directly addressed. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Another archaeologist, Patrick McGovern, proposed something far more radical. In the early 1990s, Springer spent a year searching over back-channel satellite news footage to find controversial clips that werent meant for public view. : Fringe science. Journals that are not peer reviewed by the wider academic community should not be considered reliable, except to show the views of the groups represented by those journals.[9]. (See also Links normally to be avoided, Conflict of interest, Autobiography guidelines.) This is the principle of one-way linking for fringe theories. It has since been resurrected to become a hotly debated topic among modern scholars. Beer. Research on the Y-chromosomes of Jews has suggested that they are closely related to other populations from the Middle East, such as Arabs, Turks, and Kurds. The hypothesis argues that people who have better hygiene and effective medical care may have impaired regulatory T-cells. The main purveyor of the theory was Aristotle, who based his studies on the ideas of thinkers like Anaximander, Hippolytus, and Anaxagoras, all of whom stressed the ways in which life could spontaneously come into being from inanimate matter like slime, mud, and earth when exposed to sunlight. [1] Fringe science theories are often advanced by persons who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. The theory continues to thrive today among some skeptics, and among believers of other religions, most notably the Ahmadiyya Muslim community. However, supporters of the theory bring up three counter-arguments that could have helped Jesus survive his ordeal. Examining science on the fringes: vital, but generally wrong In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. "but restraint should be used with such qualifiers to avoid giving the appearance of an overly harsh or overly critical assessment. Fringe theories that oppose reliably sourced researchdenialist histories, for exampleshould be described clearly within their own articles, but should not be given undue weight in more general discussions of the topic. If discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, a theory that is not broadly supported by scholarship in its field must not be given undue weight,[1] and reliable sources must be cited that affirm the relationship of the marginal idea to the mainstream idea in a serious and substantial manner. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, but material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas. "There are extreme academic views such as those of Jacques Halbronn, suggesting at great length and with great complexity that Nostradamus's Prophecies are antedated forgeries written by later hands with a political axe to grind." It is home to the Donora Zinc Works and American Steel & Wire factories. The no original research policy strongly encourages the collection and organization of information from existing secondary sources, and allows for careful use of primary sources. Fringe Science: Parallel Universes, White Tulips, and Mad Scientists Brendan Allison, Amy Berner (Contributor), Kevin R. Grazier (Editor) 3.92 168 ratings15 reviews Fringe has always been more than the sum of its partsbut its parts, too, are worth a closer look. If psychedelic plants have the ability to induce a veritable religious experience, then surely they could also have been instrumental in fast-forwarding our ancestors evolution? During the Middle Ages, invading armies would fling plague-ridden corpses over castle walls. All of it backed up by resource, experiments and information. Such theoretical formulations may fail to explain some aspect of reality, but, should they succeed in doing so, will usually be rapidly accepted. While its true that fringe theories generally sound crazy to conventional-thinking people, some are backed by just enough evidence (or convincing arguments) to almost make us wonder if its all real. 10 Ways Fringe Science Improved The World - Listverse [30], As Donald E. Simanek asserts, "Too often speculative and tentative hypotheses of cutting edge science are treated as if they were scientific truths, and so accepted by a public eager for answers." According to the so-called swoon theory, Jesus had merely fainted from His injuries or drank a drug that made Him lose consciousness. Pseudoscience usually relies on attacking mainstream scientific theories and methodology while lacking a critical discourse itself (as is common among proponents of creation science), relies on weak evidence such as anecdotal evidence or weak statistical evidence (as for example in parapsychology), or indulges a suspect theoretical premise (such as the claims of water memory made by advocates of homeopathy). In 2012, Stanford University estimated that the radiation from Fukushima Daiichi would cause around 15 to 1300 deaths from cancer. The fringe theory developed in England during the 17th century and eventually spread to the United States. Because Wikipedia aims to summarize significant opinions with representation in proportion to their prominence, a Wikipedia article should not make a fringe theory appear more notable or more widely accepted than it is. Alphabetic list of Theories - Changing minds This one is pretty self-explanatory. Sefer Toledot Yeshu (The Book of the History of Jesus) is a medieval Christian gospel which presents the life of Jesus in a fairly different light. The book says that Jesus was an illegitimate child who practiced heretic activities and died a shameful death. For more criteria, see Trefil, James S. (1978). There is now scientific proof for the existence of a giant primate species in North Americaa species fitting the descriptions of sasquatches (bigfoots).". Activation Theory Actor-Observer Difference Affect Infusion Model Affect Perseverance Aggression Ambiguity effect Amplification Hypothesis Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic Anticipatory Regret see Regret Theory Appraisal Theory Attachment Theory Attachment Style Attitude Attitude-Behavior Consistency Attribution Theory Automatic Believing Brooks-Baker also claimed that Queen Elizabeth is related to the Prophet Mohammed. One man, Philip Sadtler, has claimed to have found evidence for high levels of fluoride in Donora. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. One important barometer for determining the notability and level of acceptance of fringe ideas related to science, history or other academic pursuits is the presence or absence of peer-reviewed research on the subject. Since fringe theories may be obscure topics that few non-adherents write about, there may only be a small number of sources that directly dispute them. [2]:183 Pseudoscience, however, is something that is not scientific but is incorrectly characterised as science. We havent perfected this science mainly because it is incredibly controversial and requires so much human testing, but maybe 50 years from now well all be able to pop a pill and have telekinetic and telepathic powers. In 1992, a group of scholars conducted a reenactment of the infamous trial, in order to test this theory. The strongest argument is that the records of Muhammads exploits, the Quran, and Islam only became known to the rest of the world long after the birth of the religion. They are needed to demonstrate that an idea is sufficiently notable to merit a dedicated article about it. Some scholars have suggested the book was put together no earlier than the sixth century, while the earliest mention of the book is thought to have come from the year 826. Despite the evidence, many people in Mexico have suspected that Heriberto Lazcano is still alive. Postulated by Azjen (1991)5, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a generalized theory of human behavior in the social psychology literature that can be used to study a wide range of individual behaviors. However, he might have used a metal pole or broomstick. The fringe theory says that the meltdown is the largest nuclear disaster in history and dwarfs the Chernobyl accident. Here are the top ten fringe sciences and theories that could become mainstream in your lifetime: Cybernetics is the study and re-creation of control systems (the nervous system, the brain, and mechanical-electrical communication systems). Agran gained public support during his campaign, but he was banned from debates and conferences. Peer review is an important feature of reliable sources that discuss scientific, historical or other academic ideas, but it is not the same as acceptance by the scientific community. In 1937, Jewish scholar Hugh J. Schonfield published a book that suggested the Toledot was older than originally thought and may be the Gospel of the Hebrews. The document has fallen out of popularity but remains a point of controversy in the Christian faith. Simply including such a statement in the lead or in a section on scientific evaluation of Bigfoot claims is potentially misleading, non-neutral, and lacking in verifiability. The findings have helped fuel the conspiracy theory that an elite group, such as the Illuminati, is secretly controlling American elections, using the media to promote the most royal candidate. In other words, its the attempt to create human-robot hybrids which, as we know from EVERY MOVIE EVER MADE ON THE SUBJECT, never ends well. The lines between science-fiction and reality blur as J.J. Abrams, Roberto Orci, and Alex Kurtzman--the team behind STAR TREK and ALIAS--regroup to craft this mind-bending series that begins as an international flight . Fringe science is any field of scientific inquiry which represents a significant departure from orthodox theories or bodies of work. In effect, Fomenkos theory also extended to other timelines, as evidenced by his portrayal of King Arthur as a Russian prince who once reigned over Britain. Be careful not to use in-text attribution carelessly to imply that only the named sources would agree. Collectively their conclusions are ground-breaking. For example, the Moon landing conspiracy theories article may include material from reliable websites, movies, television specials, and books that are not peer reviewed. In 2011, Lazcano helped organize the second massacre of San Fernando, in which Los Zetas killed 193 people. He proved in his Special Theory of Relativity that objects in motion actually do experience time differently than their stationary counterparts. On October 27, residents noticed a thick, yellowish, and acrid smog cloud hovering over the city. For example, if the only references to a particular subject are in news sources, then a level of detail which is greater than that which appears in these news sources is inappropriate, because Wikipedia policy prohibits original research. In 2010, a story surfaced that a seventh-grade student in Watsonville, California had discovered that every US president except Martin Van Buren is descended from King John of England. They possessed excellent sailing skills and built bigger ships than the ones used by Columbus. This discovery would supposedly grant its owner eternal life and youth, or the ability to turn almost any metal into gold. One publication has even speculated that the hygiene hypothesis could be responsible for autism. For instance, continental drift was heavily criticized because there was no known mechanism for continents to move and the proposed mechanisms were implausible. (PDF) The search for new drugs: a theory of R&D in the pharmaceutical Caution should be exercised when evaluating whether there are enough sources available to write a neutral biography that neither unduly promotes nor denigrates the subject. Bio weaponization is nothing new. . The theft caused police to investigate further and discover that the fingerprints of the dead man matched those of Lazcano. Jump to: navigation, search Part of a series on: Science For one, His crucifixion was too brief (around six hours) to ensure certain death. In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. 10 Fantastically Far-Fetched Fringe Theories - Listverse By 2015, the widespread impact of the radiation will be felt in Japan. But in 2013, claims started to emerge that the true impact of the Fukushima disaster was much larger than reported. The term may be considered pejorative. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Evolution, The Big Bang Theory, and Continental Drift all began on the fringes of science and todaywhile still debated by someare taken as scientific truth. Pseudoscience generally proposes changes in the basic laws of nature to allow some phenomenon which the supporters want to believe occurs, but lack the strong scientific evidence or rigour that would justify such major changes. Other considerations for notability should be considered as well. First formulated in the 1960s by British marine scientist Alister Hardy, the aquatic ape theory maintains that our modern human abilities are the result of our ancestors amphibious existence. After His death, He escaped the tomb on His own or with the help of His disciples. The movie examines a large number of TV outtakes that touch on the 1992 presidential election, the LA riots, and abortion protests. To determine whether something is pseudoscientific or merely an alternative theoretical formulation, consider this: Alternative theoretical formulations generally tweak things on the frontiers of science, or deal with strong, puzzling evidencewhich is difficult to explain awayin an effort to create a model that better explains reality. Unlike pseudo-science, it still uses the scientific method, but is highly speculative. Articles have been published claiming that the radioactive plume from the original disaster will reach the West Coast of the United States and Canada in early 2014. 1Identifying fringe theories Toggle Identifying fringe theories subsection 1.1Spectrum of fringe theories 1.1.1Pseudoscience 1.1.2Questionable science 1.1.3Alternative theoretical formulations 2Sourcing Toggle Sourcing subsection 2.1Reliable sources 2.2Independent sources 2.3Parity of sources 2.4Attribution 2.4.1Quotations The connotation of "fringe science" is that the enterprise is rational but is unlikely to produce good results for a variety of reasons, including incomplete or contradictory evidence. They found that coins, monuments, and other artifacts of that period barely mention anything about Muhammad and Islam. Links to non-fringe articles in fringe articles can also help aid the reader in understanding and remove the threat of creating a walled garden. The first industrial robot was invented in 1961, and then in 2007 the London based Shadow Robot Company successfully produced and marketed the Shadow Handa glove controlled cybernetic hand with the same dexterity as a humans. ", Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&oldid=1148162414, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2010, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Articles with AV media file bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 13:05. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Fringe: Season 1 [Blu-ray] at the best online prices at eBay! A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. [3] Other examples include conspiracy theories and esoteric claims about medicine. The prominence of fringe views needs to be put in perspective relative to the views of the entire encompassing field; limiting that relative perspective to a restricted subset of specialists or only among the proponents of that view is, necessarily, biased and unrepresentative. Notable perspectives which are primarily non-scientific in nature but which contain claims concerning scientific phenomena should not be treated exclusively as scientific theory and handled on that basis. Efforts of fringe-theory inventors to promote their theories, such as the offering of self-published material as references, are unacceptable: Wikipedia is not an advertising venue. string theory lied to us and now science communication is hard Fringe science is a branch of science that departs from the established scientific theories. How Tucker Carlson mainstreamed fringe conspiracy theories : NPR He was nicknamed The Executioner because he liked to feed his victims to lions and tigers on his ranch. The book was first translated into Latin by a Dominican friar named Ramon Marti in the 1200s. Such theories strive to explain different mental processes including how the mind processes information and how our thoughts lead to certain emotions and behaviors. fringe science. The Shadow Hand is used for research in grasping, manipulation, neural control, brain computer interface, industrial quality control, and handling hazardous materials like explosives or radioactive substances. [2]:173, Margaret Wertheim profiled many "outsider scientists" in her book Physics on the Fringe, who receive little or no attention from professional scientists. Jointly these say that articles should not contain any novel analysis or synthesis, that material likely to be challenged needs a reliable source, and that all majority and significant-minority views published in reliable sources should be represented fairly and proportionately. He even contributed toward building the first permanent synagogue in Philadelphia. Some historical ideas that are considered to have been refuted by mainstream science are: Relatively recent fringe sciences include: Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Michael W. Friedlander has suggested some guidelines for responding to fringe science, which, he argues, is a more difficult problem[2]:174 than scientific misconduct. It's Packed With Sexy Energy, of Course", "Arrowheads Found in Texas Dial Back Arrival of Humans in America", "The quest for immortality: Want to live 500 years? One of the first people to propose the theory was David P. Strachan in an article published in the British Medical Journal in 1989. While proper attribution of a perspective to a source satisfies the minimal requirements of Wikipedia's neutral point of view, there is an additional editorial responsibility for including only those quotes and perspectives which further the aim of creating a verifiable and neutral Wikipedia article. 10 Chinese Alchemists Discovered Gunpowder. They should not be classified as pseudoscience but should still be put into context with respect to the mainstream perspective. The water is then pumped into about 1,000 storage tanks, which have started to leak. However, there are at least two caveats: not every identified subject matter has its own academic specialization, and the opinion of a scholar whose expertise is in a different field should not be given undue weight.

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