34. It is vital that students have the opportunity to learn from all of their other peers. Klarman elaborates on the social, political, and economic factors that shaped the judicial rulings on this case, as well as the many ways in which the final To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. 87 F. Supp. (b) That appellant may still be set apart by his fellow students and may be in no better position when these restrictions are removed is irrelevant, for there is a constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the State which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students and the refusal of students to commingle where the State presents no such bar. [1] The unanimous decision was delivered on the same day as another case involving similar issues, Sweatt v. Painter. At that time, his application was denied, solely because of his race. 1149], the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. His opinion for the court in 1947 upheld the power of the federal courts to enjoin a strike in coal mines then under control of the federal government. Mendez v. Westminster Court Ruling Okla. 1948) U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma - 87 F. Supp. However, the court did not issue any injunctive relief as requested by the plaintiff but rather relied "on the assumption that the law having been declared, the State will comply.". 0000001912 00000 n Policy: Christopher Nelson Caitlin Styrsky Molly Byrne Jimmy McAllister Samuel Postell 851 94 L.Ed. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 640, 70 S.Ct. By segregating him, he was unable to engage in discussions and share his viewpoints, and these restrictions made it difficult to work and learn. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, an important case leading up to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, struck down the Oklahoma statute that mandated segregation in education. WebIn 1892, Homer Plessy who was seven-eighths Caucasian agreed to participate in a test to challenge the Act. 0000003722 00000 n Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. Held: The conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws; and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race. The judgment below is reversed, p. 339 U. S. 642. 0000062265 00000 n - 339 U.S. 637, 70 S. Ct. 851 (1950) Rule: Where conditions exist where a student of color is required to receive his McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) | The Encyclopedia if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom There is a vast difference a Constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. 0000067670 00000 n 848. 0000001099 00000 n In apparent conformity with the amendment, his admission was made subject to 'such rules and regulations as to segregation as the President of the University shall consider to afford Mr. G. W. McLaurin substantially equal educational opportunities as are afforded to other persons seeking the same education in the Graduate College,' a condition which does not appear to have been withdrawn. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents - casetext.com The studentfiled a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived himof the equal protection of the laws. Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. For some time, the section of the classroom in which appellant sat was surrounded by a rail on which there was a sign stating, Reserved For Colored, but these have been removed. The decision in this case was made in conjunction with Sweatt v. Painter and later influenced the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.[1]. This appeal followed. WebPainter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents [both 1950]). Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. 87 F.Supp. Segregated basis is defined as classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times. Id. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. In a unanimous decision authored by Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, the Supreme Court reversed the lower courts decision. Terms of Use About the Encyclopedia. WebMcLaurin v Oklahoma showed how the "separate but equal" provision can still be manipulated in a way that discriminates against individuals on the basis of race. Upon suit filed by the applicant, the university tried to set up a separate facility for African-American law students. Supreme Court 339 U.S. 637 70 S.Ct. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. Appellant, a Negro citizen of Oklahoma possessing a masters degree, was admitted to the Graduate School of the state-supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. George McLaurin George McLaurin was the first African American student admitted to the University of Oklahoma. The unanimous decision was delivered on the same day as another case involving similar issues, Sweatt v. Painter. Why it matters: The Supreme Court's decision in this case established that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited states from treating students differently on the basis of race. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. 247, a statutory three-judge District Court held, 87 F.Supp. 526. In this ruling and its companion case, Sweatt v. Painter, decided on the same day, the Supreme Court held that African American students must receive the same treatment as all other students in the realm of higher education. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), was a United States Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in state supported graduate or professional education. p\!Y.Ebt9/ z ^tGG"w N8f,SYU*Vn/ 29hQbwy3Lp Dist. For the first time, the U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged that the fabric of American society was changing. (1950) 455, 456, 457. We hold that under these circumstances the Fourteenth Amendment precludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. 851, 94 L.Ed. Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER Mr. Chief Justice VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court. All Rights Reserved. 0000071186 00000 n Where conditions exist where a student of color is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws such circumstances theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. Possessing a Masters Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. 0000004461 00000 n In McLaurin, the Supreme Court found that an African-American student should be admitted to a white graduate school, and be treated like other students, because of the importance of his "ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and in general to learn his profession.". WebG.W. 1149), the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. P. 641. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (90), on June 5, 1950, that racial segregation within the facilities and institutions of colleges and universities is inconsistent with the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Okla. 1948) October 6, 1948 87 F. Supp. Photo by Joe Ravi (CC-BY-SA 3.0) Appellant, a Chief Justice Fred Vinson, writing for the court, held that the differential treatment given to McLaurin was itself a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause: "Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." In fact, as the court noted, the restrictions were designed to comply with the state statute that had required officials in institutions of higher education to treat students differently based on their races. Use this button to switch between dark and light mode. (2012.201.B0391.0687, Oklahoma Publishing Company Photography Collection, OHS). MR. CHIEF JUSTICE VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. Read More opinion of Vinson In Fred M. Vinson to white persons only ( Shelley v. Kraemer, 1948). Pp. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. Id. 0000067006 00000 n The proceedings below are stated in the opinion. 851, 94 L.Ed. Argued April 3-4, 1950. In the McLaurin case, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the University of Oklahoma had violated the equal protection clause because the experience needed for a good education could not be accomplished by physically separating McLaurin. 24 chapters | Sipuel v. Board of Regents [339 U.S. 637, 643]. 851, 94 L.Ed. WebIn McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, McLaurin argued that the Fourteenth Amendment was being violated by how they were being treated. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him of the equal protection of the laws. Although the court declared that the statute allowing officials to deny the student admission to the program was null and void, it refused to grant his request for an injunction, assuming that officials would follow the constitutional mandate in its order. , nor was it intended to enforce social equality between classes and races." Possessing a Master's Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. v The following (as per The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition) is the preferred citation for articles:Alfred L. Brophy, McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950), The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MC034. 526 (W.D. No part of this site may be construed as in the public domain. George McLaurin, Educator born 339 U. S. 640-641. But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. 87 F. Supp. Decided June 5, 1950. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. WebGeorge W. McLaurin was an Oklahoma citizen and an African-American. HW1C~NR Such restrictions impaired and inhibited his ability to study, to engage in discussions, exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. We hold that under these circumstances the Fourteenth Amendment precludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. Create your account. Appellant, a Negro citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree, was admitted to the Graduate School of the state-supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. Shelley v. Kraemer, 1948, 334 U.S. 1, 13-14, 68 S.Ct. This segregated him from his classmates and made group learning and discussions impossible. his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." Pp. The intent of the 14th Amendment was to extend rights found in the Constitution to the states. Reversing, the Supreme Court of the United States held that a state could not treat a student differently from other students on the basis of race as theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes such differences in treatment. It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. 0000001774 00000 n WebMCLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS, 339 U.S. 637 (1950) Reset A A Font size: Print United States Supreme Court McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS [1], The Supreme Court decided unanimously to reverse the decision of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. US Supreme Court Opinions and Cases | FindLaw An Oklahoma law permitted Black Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. At the time, an Oklahoma law made it a misdemeanor to operate, teach at, or attend an educational institution that admitted both white and black students. Vinson contended that separating McLaurin from other students would hinder his ability to succeed in achieving higher education. However, the facilities and services used by African Americans were not equal to those of white Americans. Robert L. Carter and Amos T. Hall argued the cause for appellant. 836, 842, 92 L.Ed. In 2001, the Bizzell Memorial Library, the main library at the University of Oklahoma, was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in commemoration of this case. WebThis case and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents - YouTube WebIn McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra, the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: ". In that ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional to segregate people, as long as each group received equal protection under the law. 851, 94 L.Ed. In this case, we are faced with the question whether a state may, after admitting a student to graduate instruction in its state university, afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. These restrictions were obviously imposed in order to comply, as nearly as could be, with the statutory requirements of Oklahoma. While McLaurin argued that the University of Oklahoma was violating the equal protection clause under the 14th Amendment, the university argued that they were not violating McLaurin's rights. Submit a Correction 526 (W.D. (1950) McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okl.Stat. 526; 1948 U.S. [2][3] The case was heard in Oklahoma City at the Post Office, Courthouse, and Federal Office Building. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents Download PDF Check Treatment Summary holding that a state sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an admitted black Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj 0000000836 00000 n Kenneth has a JD, practiced law for over 10 years, and has taught criminal justice courses as a full-time instructor. Following this decision, the Oklahoma legislature amended these statutes to permit the admission of Negroes to institutions of higher learning attended by white students, in cases where such institutions offered courses not available in the Negro schools. This includes individual articles (copyright to OHS by author assignment) and corporately (as a complete body of work), including web design, graphics, searching functions, and listing/browsing methods. To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. Al. Stateimposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. Argued April 3-4, 1950. The Act secured the right to vote for minorities in the South. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) signaled that the Supreme Court would no longer tolerate any separate treatment of students based on their race. Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. 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At that time, his application was denied, solely because of his race. Pp. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. Appellant's case represents, perhaps, the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others. It was not until 1950 that the Supreme Court ruled that the treatment must be equal between White and African American students. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. McLaurin v. Okla. State Regents for Higher Educ. | Case Brief for External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell 528. The University admitted McLaurin but provided him separate facilities, including a special table in the cafeteria, a designated desk in the library, a desk just outside the classroom doorway, and sometimes even made him eat at different times than the other students. (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents | Case Brief, Summary Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. 70 S.Ct. The court found that the university's inaction in providing separate facilities, in order to meet Oklahoma state law, allowing McLaurin to attend the institution was a violation of his Constitutional rights. Out of this came the "separate but equal" policies of the post-Reconstruction South. His application was rejected because state law prohibited black Even though the university could no longer deny McLaurin a place in school, it tried to segregate him on campus. She is certified in English and Special Education. Case Summary of Sweatt v. Painter: An African-American law school applicant was denied admission into the University of Texas Law School solely because of his race. rG' University As a result of the amended Oklahoma law, the plaintiff was assigned to sit in a row of classroom seats reserved for African American students, had to sit at an assigned table in the library, and, while he was allowed to eat in the cafeteria, he had a designated table. Marian W. Perry and Franklin H. Williams were also of counsel. 851, 94 L.Ed. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents For Higher Education A three-judge federal trial court determined that officials in Oklahoma had a constitutional duty to provide the plaintiff with the education he wanted as soon as they offered the same to students of any other race. Supreme Court of the United States McLaurin v. Oklahoma Accordingly, the high court reversed the decision of the U.S. District Court, requiring the University of Oklahoma to remove the restrictions under which McLaurin was attending the institution. 848. U.S. Supreme CourtMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. The case McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents began when the University of Oklahoma denied George McLaurin into its graduate program because of his race. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, https://www.britannica.com/event/McLaurin-v-Oklahoma-State-Regents, BlackPast - McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, Cornell Law School - Legal Information Institute - McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. WebPeriodical U.S. Reports: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. In this case, we are faced with the question whether a state may, after admitting a student to graduate instruction in its state university, afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents | Study.com Name Meaning Pitts Linda Joan 1 English: variant of Pitt .2 Americanized spelling of German Pitz . 0000071254 00000 n 854] the Supreme Court struck down "restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students," not social commingling or commingling generally. In apparent conformity with the amendment, his admission was made subject to "such rules and regulations as to segregation as the President of the University shall consider to afford to Mr. G. W. McLaurin substantially equal educational opportunities as are afforded to other persons seeking the same education in the Graduate College," a condition which does not appear to have been withdrawn. Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer. McLaurin had to sit at a separate table in classrooms, the library, and the cafeteria. On June 5, 1950, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a public institution of higher learning could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race as doing so deprived the student of his/her Fourteenth Amendment rights of Equal Protection. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13 -14 (1948). We hold that under these circumstances the Fourteenth Amendment precludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. At the time, Oklahoma law prohibited schools from instructing blacks and whites together. of City of Benton Harbor. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. The federal court in Oklahoma City upheld the discrimination, observing that the Constitution "does not abolish distinctions based upon race . O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth, City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England. 1149, it was ruled that a state may not after having admitted a Negro student to graduate instruction in its state university afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents - Ballotpedia Public facilities like bathrooms and water fountains were segregated. In this case, we are faced with the question whether a state may, after admitting a student to graduate instruction in its state university, afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. 0000062723 00000 n 232, 83 L.Ed. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Plessy v. Ferguson was a case decided by the Supreme Court in 1896 that said segregation was constitutional as long as the separate facilities provided were of equal standard. (1941) 455, 456, 457, that the instruction of black students in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for black students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. 526, that the State had a constitutional duty to provide him with the education he sought as soon as it provided that education for applicants of any other group. There is a vast differencea Constitutional differencebetween restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. Even so, the court retained jurisdiction of the case in order to provide the student with equal protection of the laws with regard to his education. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (c) Having been admitted to a state supported graduate school, appellant must receive the same treatment at the hands of the State as students of other races. Pursuant to a requirement of state law, 70 Okla. Stat. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 0000002961 00000 n R(/LS S!|9Md(Bz_&zKCq(x, 2*V)Aac!:! Subscribe Now. WebMcLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA DEPT. Brianna has her undergraduate degree in English Education and her master's degree in Urban Education. Sweatt v. Painter | law case | Britannica 455. Thus he was required to sit apart at a designated desk in an anteroom adjoining the classroom; to sit at a designated desk on the mezzanine floor of the library, but not to use the desks in the regular reading room; and to sit at a designated table and to eat at a different time from the other students in the school cafeteria. With him on the brief was Mac Q. Williamson, Attorney General. Civ. 526. Different treatment of students in public institutions of higher learning solely on the basis of race violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. 1149, the Supreme Court had held that it was a denial of the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment for a state to segregate on the ground of race a student who had been admitted to an institution of higher learning.

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