Other, smaller Muslim denominations within the Sunni and Shiite groups exist. Only a few of the most important ayatollah of one of the ayatollahs refer to him in many situations and ask him to publish his Juristic book in which he answers the vast majority of daily Muslim affairs. The split between the two main sects within Islam goes back some 1,400 years. Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. 30 Apr 2023 20:48:23 Founder of Islam Muhammad Zaki Badawi, from the United Kingdom Shaikh Mohammed Aboulkhair Zaki Badawi KBE was a famous Egyptian Islamic scholar, community organizer, and advocate for interfaith communication who served on the Elijah Board of World Religious Leaders. Muhammad was a prophet and founder of Islam. Watch the red carpet livestream on our website starting at 6 pm. Enter the OTP you received in your Email Inbox. ,,@)H2DfM "+" y`q9 Rh , m@j QJg`:x 8 The Night Journey and Ascension of the Prophet However, this work is extant only in later reworkings and abridgements, of which the best known is Abd al-Malik ibn Hishms (died 833834) Srat Muammad rasl Allh (Life of Muhammad, the Messenger of God). Religious leadership in Islamic social circles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_religious_leaders&oldid=1147270042, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 March 2023, at 21:21. Any Muslim with sufficient knowledge may lead prayers or perform rituals such as weddings or funerals. endstream endobj 152 0 obj <>/Metadata 8 0 R/PageLabels 148 0 R/Pages 149 0 R/StructTreeRoot 16 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 153 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 149 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/Pattern<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 154 0 obj <>stream A central idea in Islam is jihad, which means struggle. While the term has been used negatively in mainstream culture, Muslims believe it refers to internal and external efforts to defend their faith. Sahib denotes an Islamic leader held in high regard by one or more other Muslims. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Muhammad is traditionally said to have been born in 570 in Mecca and to have died in 632 in Medina, where he had been forced to emigrate to with his adherents in 622. The town of Mecca was an important trading and religious center, home to many temples and worship sites where the devoted prayed to the idols of these gods. These are sometimes linked with place-names, such as the passing reference to a victory at a place called Badr at 3:123. Imam (/mm/; Arabic: imm; plural: aimmah) is an Islamic leadership position. While Muslims aim to clear up misconceptions about their faith, the religion continues to spread rapidly. ALOR SETAR: The people must not be misled by leaders who sow hatred by using race and religion for their own benefits, says Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim. Muslims believe he was the final prophet sent by God to reveal their faith to mankind. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. Some of these include: The Quran (sometimes spelled Quran or Koran) is considered the most important holy book among Muslims. Islam, or submission to the will of Allah, is the second largest religion in the world, with around 1.9 billion followers. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendents of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Sunni-Shia divisions would fuel a long-running civil war in Syria, fighting in Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, Yemen and elsewhere, and terrorist violence on both sides. An important collector of such early traditions was Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, a relative of ishah who was probably born in 643644 and who is plausibly viewed as having had firsthand access to former companions of the Prophet. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. WebDr. Commissioned by Muslims for Muslims, these images appear in biographies of the Prophet and his family, world and local histories, and accounts of Muhammad's celestial journey (mi'raj), as well as in literary texts. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. However, when his message condemned idol worship and polytheism, many of Meccas tribal leaders began to see Muhammad and his message as a threat. Spreading the Message of Islam The rift between these two factions has resulted in differences in worship as well as political and religious views. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Certain verses assume that Muhammad and his followers dwell at a settlement called al-madnah (the town) or Yathrib (e.g., 33:13, 60) after having previously been ousted by their unbelieving foes, presumably from the Meccan sanctuary (e.g., 2:191). By carefully comparing alternative versions of one and the same biographical narrative, scholars have been able to show that a certain number of traditions about Muhammads lifefor instance, an account of the Prophets emigration from Mecca to Medinawere in circulation already by the end of the 7th century. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, following many years of resistance to Shah Pahlavi. If crimes are committed, Sharia law is known for its harsh punishments. ; in Arabic, it is muathi [mu-a-thin] [mn]) is any person at the mosque who makes the adhan, or athan (call to prayer) for the Friday prayer service and the five daily prayers, or salat. For a time, the influence and status of his wife and his uncle, Abu Talib, the chief of the clan, protected Muhammad from persecution. Islam does not have an ordained clergy with authority over rites and rituals. Muhammad During the reign of the first four caliphs, Arab Muslims conquered large regions in the Middle East, including Syria, Palestine, Iran and Iraq. We strive for accuracy and fairness. endstream endobj startxref In 622, they headed to Medina, another oasis town, where they were promised freedom to practice their religion. In the case of small mosques, the imam of the mosque would perform the athan (since small mosques may not be able to afford hiring a full-time person as a mosque servant. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. Muslims also revere some material found in the Judeo-Christian. Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. WebImam: prayer leader; may also function as a spiritual advisor and expert in Islamic Law. Most of the biographical information that the Islamic tradition preserves about Muhammad thus occurs outside the Qurn, in the so-called srah (Arabic: biography) literature. [38] In the Zaidi Shiite sect, imams were secular as well as spiritual leaders who held power in Yemen for more than a thousand years. OTP entered does not match. According to Islamic tradition, his father died before Muhammad was born, and his mother died when he was a young child. What are the scholarly sources of Muhammads biography? Each such report is normally introduced by a list of names tracing it through various intermediaries back to its ultimate source, which in many cases is an eyewitnessfor example, the Prophets wife ishah. Amid the increasing politicization of Islam and the rise of fundamentalists on both sides of the divide, sectarian tensions intensified in the early 21st century, especially amid the upheavals caused by two Persian Gulf Wars, the chaos that followed the U.S.-backed ouster of Saddam Husseins Sunni regime in Iraq, and the mass uprisings across the region that began with the Arab Spring in 2011. Despite their differences, Sunni and Shia have lived alongside each other in relative peace for most of history. Although polygamy was then prevalent in Arabic society, he was monogamously married to his first wife, Khadjah, until her death after about 25 years of marriage. Islam, or submission to the will of Allah, is the second largest religion in the world, with around 1.9 billion followers. 180 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[151 77]/Info 150 0 R/Length 134/Prev 324669/Root 152 0 R/Size 228/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The Prophet Muhammad and the Origins of Islam He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina. Webt. According to Islamic tradition, the Qurn, understood as a literal transcription of the speech of God (Allah), was revealed to Muhammad in stages by the archangel Gabriel, beginning in 610. Islam also spread throughout areas in Europe, Africa, and Asia. You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site. The Islamic calendar, also called the Hijra calendar, is a lunar calendar used in Islamic religious worship. Ayatollahs can reach the position of a Marja-e-Taqlid, which allows them to issue fatwi (Arabic, plural of "fatwa"). Searching for clarity, he would sometimes meditate at Mount Hira, near Mecca. He had four daughters and at least two sons (both of whom died as infants) with Khadjah and probably another son (who also died young) by a later wife or concubine, Mriyah. The Prophet Muhammad and the Origins of Islam The imam's Arabic titles are used by the majority of Twelver Shia who use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imam&oldid=1151031191, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Knowledge of Quran and Sunnah, religious devotion, According to most Shia scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph, Sunni and Shia sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent, According to some Shia scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in, According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in, Leader of the Shia community during the schism of, Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the, Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in. WebSunnis revere all four caliphs, while Shi'is regard 'Ali as the first spiritual leader. Muhammad Although its roots go back further, scholars typically date the creation of Islam to the 7th century, making it the youngest of the major world religions. It is an Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word or Khalfah, which means "successor", that is, successor to the Muhammad. They thought that 'Ali, Muhammad's closest surviving blood male relative, should be their next leader (caliph). Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Because Muhammad was the chosen recipient and messenger of the word of God through the divine revelations, Muslims from all walks of life strive to follow his example. Depictions of the Prophet Muhammad In Sunni belief, the term is used for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of religious jurisprudence (fiqh). WebDr. For instance, a Syriac chronicle dating from about 640 mentions a battle between the Romans and the Arabs of Muhammad, and an Armenian history composed about 660 describes Muhammad as a merchant who preached to the Arabs and thereby triggered the Islamic conquests. (Traditionally, a congregations Imam is a man; a woman may serve as prayer leader for a women-only gathering.) Allamah is a leader for the Islamic faith. Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. They illustrate a narrative in biographies and histories, while in literary texts they serve as visual analogues to written praises of the Prophet. Saturday, 29 Apr 2023. They eventually married. This system of leadership, which was run by a Muslim ruler, became known as a caliphate. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Mohammed, World History Encyclopedia - Prophet Muhammad, Muhammad - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Muhammad - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Many (though not all) Muslims reject visual representations (e.g., images and sculpted figures) of religious figures, or even visual representations of living things, seeing it as a form of idolatry (worship of physical objects), which is inconsistent with their monotheism. Nation of Islam: This mostly African-American, Sunni sect was founded in the 1930s in Detroit, Michigan. He usually is the person who performs the athan. However, Shia tradition states he welcomed the message from the Angel Gabriel and was deeply inspired to share his experience with other potential believers. The term, however, has important connotations in the Islamic tradition especially in Shia belief. A series of leaders, known as caliphs, became successors to Muhammad. The Qurn provides very few concrete details regarding Muhammads life. Islam Shiite Muslims believe that only the caliph Ali and his descendants are the real successors to Muhammad. An Imam reads verses from the Quran after Isha' (night prayers) in the Mughal Empire, Discourse between Islamic Imams in the Mughal Empire, Crimean Tatar imams teach the Quran. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini He belonged to a poor but respectable family of the Quraysh tribe. 20002023 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Variants of the material compiled by Ibn Isq, as well as further material about events in Muhammads life, are preserved in works by other authors, such as Abd al-Razzq (died 827), al-Wqid (died 823), Ibn Sad (died 845), and al-abar (died 923). In early modern times it is mainly used for the headmaster of an Islamic Boarding School (in Indonesia known as pondok pesantren). Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. By now, Muhammad had plenty of forces and the balance of power had shifted away from the Meccan leaders to him. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! These leaders must be followed since they are appointed by God. In the case of small mosques, the imam of the mosque would perform the athan. In Islam, an Imam is a religious leader who often leads congregational prayers in a mosque. 227 0 obj <>stream In Islam, an Imam is a religious leader who often leads congregational prayers in a mosque. The move from Mecca to Medina is known as the hijrathe flightand marks year 1 of the Islamic, or hijri, calendar. Uthman was also killed, and Ali, Muhammads cousin and son-in-law, was selected as the next caliph. See List of rulers of Oman, the Rustamid dynasty: 776909, Nabhani dynasty: 11541624, the Yaruba dynasty: 16241742, the Al Said: 1744present for further information. 0 All Rights Reserved. His father died before he was born and he was raised first by his grandfather and then his uncle. It contains some basic information that is found in the Hebrew Bible as well as revelations that were given to Muhammad. Lay Leaders The Hijra Ruhollah Khomeini is officially referred to as Imam in Iran. He undertook his miraculous Night Journey (Isr) from Mecca to Jerusalem, where he prayed with Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. It contains 114 chapters, which are called surahs. This journey became known as the Hijra (also spelled Hegira or Hijrah), and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Some Orientalists wrote the title as Khalf. Mosques are places where Muslims worship. Ayatollah (Arabic: ; Persian: ) is a prestigious title given to major Shia clergymen. The roots of the Sunni-Shia divide can be traced all the way back to the seventh century, soon after the death of the prophet Muhammad in A.D. 632. Although rare, this can include military jihad if a just war is needed. Moreover, a number of rudimentary details about Muhammad are confirmed by non-Islamic sources dating from the first decades after Muhammads traditional date of death. He concluded a truce with Mecca in 628 but later forced it to submit. The book is called Resalah, which is usually a reinvention of the book Al-Urwatu l-Wuthqah, according to their knowledge of the most authentic Islamic sources and their application to current life. The Caliph has often been referred to as Ameer al-Mumineen ( ), has been defunct since the abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate in 1924. They deny the legitimacy of the first three caliphs. The color green is also sometimes associated with Islam, as it was reportedly a favorite color of Muhammad's and is often featured prominently in the flags of predominantly Muslim countries. He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina. He usually is the person who performs the athan. Finally, it is distinctly possible that some reports about events in Muhammads life emerged not from historical memory but from exegetical speculation about the historical context of particular verses of the Qurn. Imams are appointed by the state to work at mosques and they are required to be graduates of an mam Hatip high school or have a university degree in Theology. Pew Research Center.Islam Rituals and Worship: Symbolism,The Religion Library.The Islamic Calendar: TimeandDate.com. The Leaders of Islam Islamic religious leaders Some important Islamic holy places include the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, and the Prophet Muhammads mosque in Medina. Today, Shiite Muslims have a considerable presence in Iran, Iraq and Syria. Updated: August 20, 2019 | Original: January 5, 2018. The Qurn yields little concrete biographical information about the Islamic Prophet: it addresses an individual messenger of God, whom a number of verses call Muhammad (e.g., 3:144), and speaks of a pilgrimage sanctuary that is associated with the valley of Mecca and the Kabah (e.g., 2:124129, 5:97, 48:2425). The Arabic term islm, literally surrender, illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islamthat the believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle of islm) accepts surrender to the will of Allah (in Arabic, Allh: God). Early Life After his clan withdrew its protection, he fled to Medina in 622 and repulsed two attacks by Meccan forces in 625 and 627. Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. He accepted and over the years the happy union brought several children. Shaykh/Shaykha: spiritual leader (usually male, occasionally female), especially of a Sufi Circle. On one of his pilgrimages in 610, he was meditating in a cave on Mount Jabal aI-Nour. Those reports are not consistent, however, and some include miraculous elements or stories obviously adapted from the Bible. All Rights Reserved. Eventually the Sunni majority (named for sunna, or tradition) won out, and chose Muhammads close friend Abu Bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the Islamic community. Muslims follow five basic pillars that are essential to their faith. What are the traditional events of Muhammads life? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). e. Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. They respect some of the same prophets as. Who Is The Religious Leader Of Islam But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Thus, statements of the sort that on March 21 of the year 625, Meccan forces entered the oasis of Medina are inherently problematic. Muhammad and his followers soon returned and took over the city, destroying all its pagan idols and spreading their belief in one God. The essence of the problem is that Muhammad died without a male heir, and he never clearly stated who he would want to be his successor, says Lesley Hazleton, author of After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Sunni-Shia Split in Islam. This Arabic word has different meanings, depending on the context, and can be translated as lord (or owner), companion, or friend. This led to a schism in Islam, and two major sects emerged: the Sunnis and the Shiites. In the early 20th century, the victorious Allies divided the territory held by the former Ottoman Empire after World War I, cutting through centuries-old religious and ethnic communities in the process. Islamic religious leaders According to Islamic belief, Muhammad was the only person to see Heaven and Hell while still alive. For instance, unlike many earlier Western accounts, no attempt will be made to remove supernatural elements from the narrative in the interest of transforming it into an account that appears plausible by modern historiographical standards. Mecca was home to two widely venerated polytheistic cults whose gods were thought to protect its lucrative trade. For example, before Muhammads emigration to Medina he is said to have received an oath of allegiance by twelve inhabitants of the city, an obvious parallel to the Twelve Apostles, and during the digging of a defensive trench around Medina Muhammad is said to have miraculously sated all the workers from a handful of dates, recalling Jesus feeding of the multitude. The Al-Islam.org site and the DILP are entirely supported by individual donors and well wishers. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes. Updated: Sep 24, 2020. In his early teens, Muhammad worked in a camel caravan, following in the footsteps of many people his age, born of meager wealth. WebThe first of them is his son, Hasan, then Husayn, then Ali ibn Husayn, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ja'far ibn Muhammad, then Musa ibn Ja'far, then Ali ibn Musa, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ali ibn Muhammad, then Hasan ibn Ali then al-Hujjah al-Qaim al-Mahdi al-Hadi ibn Hasan, Master of the Time (May Allah hasten his blessed advent). Working for his uncle, he gained experience in commercial trade traveling to Syria and eventually from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean. His wife is called "nyai". It is an Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word or Khalfah, which means "successor", that is, successor to the Muhammad. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, following many years of resistance to Shah Pahlavi. As in many religions, there is no single image or symbol of Islam that is universally accepted by all Muslims worldwide. Certain tensions with the Islamic narrative of the Prophets life remain, however. Allamah is an honorary and prestigious title carried by only the very highest scholars of Islamic thought, jurisprudence, and philosophy. They believe there will be a day of judgment, and life after death. He is usually said to have had 14 wives or concubines during his lifetime. Some Orientalists wrote the title as Khalf. Founder of Islam In the Shi'a context, an imam is not only presented as the man of God par excellence, but as participating fully in the names, attributes, and acts that theology usually reserves for God alone. Most Muslims believe that Muhammads scribes wrote down his words, which became the Quran. Some titles for traditional Islamic leaders include Caliph, Imam, Sheikh, Mufti, Mujtahid and Allamah. Meanwhile, in Brunei, Singapore and Malaysia, those who lead any prayers in any places such as at home, are also called imam. WebImam: prayer leader; may also function as a spiritual advisor and expert in Islamic Law. Also see The Grand Ayatollah. Ibrahim was promoted as Imam after his successful sacrifice. These were traditionally Muftis who used interpretation (ijtihad) to clarify Islamic law, but in many modern secular contexts, Islamic law is no longer the law of the land. The titles of Ayatollah and Grand Ayatollah exist only in the Shiite sect of Islam. In the broader sense, it refers to those who have studied a broad range of essentially Islamic disciplines for several years, for example the hadith and the muhaddith. The first of them is his son, Hasan, then Husayn, then Ali ibn Husayn, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ja'far ibn Muhammad, then Musa ibn Ja'far, then Ali ibn Musa, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ali ibn Muhammad, then Hasan ibn Ali then al-Hujjah al-Qaim al-Mahdi al-Hadi ibn Hasan, Master of the Time (May Allah hasten his blessed advent). Imam is an Arabic word meaning "Leader". The person that should be chosen, according to Hadith, is one who has most knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah (prophetic tradition) and is of good character. The prophet Muhammad is credited with building the firstmosque in the courtyard of his house in Medina. Shaykh/Shaykha: spiritual leader (usually male, occasionally female), especially of a Sufi Circle. Who Is The Religious Leader Of Islam When Muhammad died, there was debate over who should replace him as leader. First came the rise of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th century, which transformed Iran (through force) from a Sunni center into the Shia stronghold of the Middle East. Islam teaches that Allahs word was revealed to the prophet, Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allahs law. In each context, they serve a distinct purpose. Some titles for traditional Islamic leaders include Caliph, Imam, Sheikh, Mufti, Mujtahid and Allamah. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1995-2023. %PDF-1.6 % The Met Fifth Avenue is closed Monday, May 1 for The Met Gala. Muhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. Wikipedia Islam For most Shia Muslims, the Imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Islam is picking them off. A common thread in most of these conflicts is the ongoing battle between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shia Iran for influence in the oil-rich Middle East and surrounding regions. The prophet Muhammad, sometimes spelled Mohammed or Mohammad, was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in A.D. 570. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. From the Sphinx of Egypt to the Kama Sutra, explore ancient history videos. From that point forward, Muhammad was ostracized in Mecca. The Shi'a believe that the last Imam, the 12th Imam Mahdi will one day emerge on the Day of Resurrection (Qiyamah). The Leaders of Islam They were afraid that trade, which they believed was protected by the pagan gods, would suffer. The first caliph was Abu Bakr, Muhammads father-in-law and close friend. Sunnis make up nearly 90 percent of Muslims worldwide. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}History of the Dalai Lama's Biggest Controversies. The term is also used for a recognized religious scholar or authority in Islam, often for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of jurisprudence (fiqh). Biography according to the Islamic tradition, Status in the Qurn and in post-Qurnic Islam. Lay Leaders Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, following many years of resistance to Shah Pahlavi. The titles of Ayatollah and Grand Ayatollah exist only in the Shiite sect of Islam. Moreover, some of the narratives in question are patently adaptations of biblical motifs designed to present Muhammad as equal or superior to earlier prophetic figures such as Moses and Jesus. The Religion of the Ancestors of the Prophets & Imams, Faith in the Message of the Holy Prophet [s]. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. A central figure in an Islamic movement is also called an imam, like Imam Nawawi in Syria. If you regularly visit this site and wish to show your appreciation, or if you wish to see further development of Al-Islam.org, please donate online. Islamic tradition holds that the first persons to believe were his wife, Khadija and his close friend Abu Bakr (regarded as the successor to Muhammad by Sunni Muslims).

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