It may clear up on its own, but it sometimes. Coughing and sneezing help the body clear out the excess phlegm, mucus, and other things that do not belong in the respiratory tract. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If it's another color like brown, red, or black, you may have coughed up blood and may be experiencing a more. White, yellow, or green phlegm is usually treatable at home. What the color of your snot says about your health. Colds and the flu. Other signs you should make an appointment: In rare cases, the infection may spread to the eye or brain. Biochemical, biophysical, and immunological characterization of respiratory secretions in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. If you've had some sort of trauma to your nose or face, such as a car accident, you should see a healthcare provider right away. Their study was the first to analyze in depth the makeup, viscosity and immunological characteristics of sputum from the lungs of patients with severe cases of COVID-19, said Paul Bollyky, MD, PhD, an associate professor of infectious diseases and of microbiology and immunology. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. (2020). This type of mucus is made up of water with proteins, antibodies, and salts. But how can you tell the difference? TheJCI Insightstudy was funded by the National Institutes for Health (grants T32AI007502-23 and K23HL125663), Stanford Medicine Catalyst and Stanford Innovative Medicines Accelerator. Being subject to heavy air pollution may cause your snot to come out black. Other reasons to seek medical help include: Brown mucus could result from dried blood getting mixed in. How to get rid of snot drainage or congestion, marshfieldclinic.org/specialties/allergies/allergies-allergic-and-non-allergic-rhinitis-frequently-asked-questions, link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-4546-9_27, enthealth.org/conditions/fungal-sinusitis/, health.ucsd.edu/news/features/Pages/2017-08-31-listicle-nose-colored-glasses.aspx, kidshealth.org/en/parents/nose-bleed.html, aafa.org/rhinitis-nasal-allergy-hayfever/, health.harvard.edu/blog/dont-judge-your-mucus-by-its-color-201602089129, healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/The-Difference-Between-Sinusitis-and-a-Cold.aspx, How to Get Rid of Phlegm: Tips, Home Remedies, and Medications to Try, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT. Their study was the first to analyze in depth the makeup, viscosity and immunological characteristics of sputum from the lungs of patients with severe cases of COVID-19, saidPaul Bollyky, MD, PhD, an associate professor of infectious diseases and of microbiology and immunology. Sometimes, phlegm can become thick and bothersome. UpToDate. Treat symptoms of bronchitis at home with these 10 remedies, and learn about other treatments. Updated Healthy, normal mucus is clear and made up of water, salt, proteins, and antibodies. A secondary bacterial infection may also occur, which may change the phlegm to yellow or green. The change occurs with the severity and length of the potential sickness. If you do cough it up, pay attention to its appearance. What does pink or red (bloody) snot mean? If this does not occur over a prolonged time, this may indicate a bacterial infection. The color comes from dead white blood cells and other waste products. We avoid using tertiary references. Last medically reviewed on February 7, 2022. When you have pink or red mucus, it likely means there's blood in your nose. Green, thick snot means your body is fighting a hard battle. If you notice a change in color, consistency, or volume, contact your doctor to make an appointment. Clear phlegm helps keep the respiratory system moist and is usually a sign your body is healthy. After its production in the respiratory tract, most of it goes down the back of the throat, before a person swallows it. Although the green-yellowy tinge of phlegm during colds usually clears up within a few weeks, it can be a sign of something more serious if accompanied by chest pain or shortness of breath. Black: external irritants, like smoke or pollution It is important to read the directions and take the medication exactly as the label or pharmacist instructs. You may notice different colored sputum and wonder what the colors mean. 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That could prevent fibrosis down the road in lungs rendered vulnerable by SARS-CoV-2 infection. wash hands often for at least 20 seconds with soap and water, Wheeze (a whistling sound when you breathe), A drop in your peak flow meter reading (if you use one), Asthma quick-relief (rescue) medicines are not helping, Breathing is faster or slower than normal, Trouble walking or talking due to shortness of breath, Chest retractions (skin sucks in between or around the neck, chest plate, and/or rib bones when inhaling; this is rare in adults), Ribs or stomach moving in and out deeply and rapidly, Expanded chest that does not deflate when you exhale, Cyanosis, a tissue color change on mucus membranes (tongue, lips, and around the eyes) and fingertips or nail beds the color appears grayish or whitish on darker skin tones and bluish on lighter skin tones, Pain or pressure in the chest that doesnt go away, Cyanosis which is tissue color changes on mucus membranes (like tongue, lips, and around the eyes) and fingertips or nail beds the color appears grayish or whitish on darker skin tones and bluish on lighter skin tones, Diarrhea and vomiting (more common in children), Mucus (phlegm) in the throat (postnasal drip). Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Heres your guide to the different conditions that can affect the color of your snot, tips to find relief, and when to see your doctor. If you have black mucus, which is rare, it may signal a fungal infection and you need to see a healthcare provider. COVID-19 diarrhea can cause green stool by the way it causes yellow stool (lack of fat breakdown). To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. It's most common if your infection leads to pneumonia or if. Black-pigmented sputum. Your body produces clear mucus and phlegm on a daily basis. All rights reserved. This can cause blood to seep into postnasal drip that they then cough out. Snot refers to nasal mucus, so it is not phlegm or sputum, which comes from the lungs. This article discusses the various colors your discharge can take onclear, white, yellow, green pink, red, orange, brown, and blackand their possible causes. It is often a sign of a fungal infection that needs to be treated. Many sinus infections go away on their own without antibiotics, but some do require treatment. However, it can also signal something more sinister, such as the rare fungal infection Exophiala dermatitidis, which can occur as a complication of cystic fibrosis. They usually peak in severity between days three and five. Its more common between weeks 13 and 21. While it is likely due to bleeding that happened a while ago, it can also indicate a chronic infection such as bronchitis. Follow the Yellow/Caution Zone on your Asthma Action Plan. 159 online (1 member 4-MU is not an antiviral. They are testing a drug that may counter it. Read our, Why Not to Take Someone Else's Antibiotics, The Difference Between a Runny Nose and a CSF Leak, Sniffles (Nasal Congestion and Discharge), 3 Home Remedies for a Baby's Cough and Chest Congestion, The Meaning of Poop Colors, Shapes, Sizes, and Consistency, Yuck! The investigators compared the patients sputum with that of 15 people whose lungs were in good health as well as with sputum from patients who had other conditions affecting the lungs, such as cystic fibrosis. The dreaded flu It's estimated that 60,000 hospitalizations each year could be avoided if more people got the vaccine, said Dr. Charles Bregier, Novant Health medical director of corporate health. There are differences and similarities between RSV vs. a cold. This mucus is thick and concentrated, and cannot be coughed up like the sputum that's related to the flu or common cold. "Your lungs and airways start to produce extra mucus to clear out infections when you catch a virus like SARS-CoV-2." And get immediate medical help for emergency asthma symptoms. Because a fungal infection can be dangerous, it's important to find out for sure whether you have one. Viral infections like bronchitis and pneumonia also often start with excessive clear mucus production before the phlegm progresses to become yellow or green-stained. Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air you breathe. Lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which cause difficulty breathing, may also be to blame. If you suspect you may have a CSF leak, seek medical attention. We avoid using tertiary references. Red/Danger Zone symptoms are a medical emergency. Plan indoor activities on days when pollen counts are high. Although for most coughing up mucus is part of the cold season, coloured phlegm can be a sign of something more sinister. There are many reasons why a person might cough up phlegm without feeling sick. We're sorry. Boogers are our body's natural defense against things like bacteria and viruses. Learn more here. Gargling with salt water or using a saline solution to clear out the nasal passages is a common way to help clear out phlegm during a viral or bacterial infection. Moving beyond colors now: Is your phlegm frothy? Yellow phlegm means your illness is progressing normally. Here are some common questions and answers regarding phlegm. Cleveland Clinic. COVID-19 is different from other coronaviruses that cause mild illness, such as the common cold.. COVID commonly causes chest congestion and phlegm, along with a cough. Why might mucus change color? It may be time to call your doctor if you notice it in your airways, throat, or if you start coughing it up. During an infection, immune cells, germs, and debris build up in the phlegm, making it thicker, stickier, and cloudier. Rhinitis as a cause of respiratory disorders during pregnancy. Finally, you'll never receive email notifications about content they create or likes they designate for your content. This drug, 4-methylumbelliferone, or 4-MU, has never been tested for that purpose in humans. Mold and pollen can cling to your clothing, towels, and sheets. The virus can impact your lungs in a number of ways. The flu vaccine also protects high-risk people you know and come in contact with, like essential workers, teachers, family and friends, pregnant women, children, and senior adults. Replies and comments they make will be collapsed/hidden by default. For more information, please visit med.stanford.edu. This coloration is likely due to an increase in the number of certain immune system cells, or an increase in the enzymes these cells produce. With that public service announcement out of the way, here are what different types of mucus might . They can recommend a treatment plan to help you get relief. The best way to manage it is to take your asthma medicines, avoid your triggers, and treat asthma symptoms as soon as they occur. You may also see an increase in clear phlegm. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Learn about how to get rid of phlegm, both at home and at the doctor's office. In fact, some sinus infections may be viral, not bacterial. It is important to call a doctor if the phlegm does not improve after a few days. Mucus protects your respiratory system with lubrication and filtration. Color. 18:21 BST 22 Oct 2018. Definitely remember this one for the TMC Exam. As the icy weather approaches, many start coughing and spluttering while they battle winter colds and flu. Simple allergies can also cause changes in the color of the mucus. Congestive heart failure is another culprit, which occurs when the heart gradually loses its ability to pump blood around the body. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. The color of phlegm can offer useful information about what may be happening with the lungs and other organs of the respiratory system. Have you ever wondered where snot comes from and why colds, allergies, and crying make nasal mucus more obvious? If using the essential oil directly, a person should dilute it in a little coconut or almond oil before applying it to the chest. Kristina Duda, BSN, RN, CPN, has been working in healthcare since 2002. Interestingly, the color of the mucus is an important indicator when it comes to infection.. As well as producing the above, you should also see your GP if you have had a cough for more than three weeks, or are experiencing chest pain, unexplained weight loss or difficulty breathing. With every cough or sniffle, you may wonder if its asthma or allergies, the flu, the common cold, or even COVID-19. Taking steps to stay healthy and undergoing treatment may help prevent serious infections. Is it both pink and frothy? Instead, pay attention to the duration of your illness and the worsening of your other symptoms. As can COPD, which makes the airways narrow and the lungs produce an abnormal amount of mucus. Watery discharge from the nose may be a warning sign of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Black phlegm is often a sign of inhaling something like dust, which traditionally affected coal miners. For gargling, a person can dissolve a one-quarter teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water. The inflammation (swelling and irritation) in your nose can cause it to produce a fluid called mucus. So when a person coughs out mucus, people refer to it as phlegm, but not the mucus that the nose produces. It can be difficult to self-diagnose what type of lung issue youre having. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Most cases of cough associated with COVID are considered "dry . Tilt your head to one side over a sink. Even if you catch a strain of flu that isnt covered by the current years vaccine, getting vaccinated can make your illness less severe and lower your chance of being hospitalized. Most healthy people aren't susceptible to these infections. This may be due to blood volume increases, hormones, or swollen nasal passages. can indicate a bacterial . Different areas of the body, including the upper respiratory tract which includes the nose, mouth, and throat and gastrointestinal tract secrete mucus. You must be signed in to continue. Yellow snot may also mean you have allergies. Having green, yellow, or thickened phlegm does not always indicate the presence of an infection. Pink or red: nosebleed, often from dry nasal passages Sometimes after (or during) an infection, your nasal discharge can turn pink, especially if you've been blowing your nose a lot. Phlegm is produced by your respiratory system as protection for your lungs. Black mucus is rare and means you should see a healthcare provider right away. We avoid using tertiary references. The Journal of Clinical Investigation study was funded by the NIH (grants 5T32AI052073-14 and T32HL129970), Stanford Medicine Catalyst, Stanford SPARK and the Stanford Innovative Medicines Accelerator program. As per WebMD, while dry coughs are a more common Covid-19 symptom, about one-third of Covid patients cough up thick mucus and experience long congestion. They are caused by a reaction of your immune system. A person can follow this color guide for reference: Clear phlegm is typical. Shmerling RH. And while green or yellow snot may indicate a bacterial infectionand a need for antibioticsit can also signal that your body is on the mend. It can also cause death in severe cases. It may just mean that there is blood or dried blood in your nose. Someone who has black phlegm should contact their doctor immediately, especially if they have a weakened immune system. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Note: if you proceed, you will no longer be following. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Unless you have an underlying medical condition, you may try at-home comfort measures to clear your congestion. Most commonly, people who smoke or are in households with smokers can have gray-black snot. We analyzed this sputum to see what its made of, why its so difficult for the lungs to get rid of and how it affects the immune response, Bollyky said. This drug, 4-methylumbelliferone, or 4-MU, has never been tested for that purpose in humans. Elizabeth Molina Ortiz, MD, MPH, is a board-certified specialist in family medicine and is the former medical director of a community health center. There are times when phlegm is a reason to call your doctor right away. People with flu tend to have a high fever of 101 or 102. Avoid contact with others unless absolutely necessary. If you have a persistent cough, you likely have mucus in your chest. Moment commuter blasts eco-zealots, Unseen footage of Meghan Markle during her teenage years, Russian freight train derails and bursts into flames after explosion, Royal superfans camping on The Mall ahead of King's Coronation, Women's rights activists and pro-trans campaigners separated, Cambridge students party in the park during annual celebrations, Saboteurs wreck Russian train cut power cables 37mi from Ukraine, Hundreds of Household Division members rehearse for coronation, Braverman: People crossing Channel are 'at odds with British values', Moment large saltwater crocodile snatches pet dog off beach in QLD, Devastating tornado picks up car and hurls it through air in Florida, Historic chairs to be reused by the King for the coronation service. This may be a sign of a more serious underlying condition. Your mucus is there to protect your nose and sinuses from things like dust, bacteria, and other environmental. Common flu symptoms include: Thankfully, a flu vaccine is available. If you see any shade of red, brown, or black phlegm, or are experiencing frothy sputum, make an appointment right away. Another word for this texture is mucoid. White and frothy phlegm may be another sign of COPD. If you start having trouble breathing when sick with a cold, start following the Yellow/Caution Zone on your Asthma Action Plan. A nagging, dry "post-viral cough" can last up to eight weeks, as inflammation in the airways . While phlegm of this color can point to an infection, a person does not always need antibiotics. may be a sign of an advanced lung infection, like pneumonia or TB. Colds, sore throats, upper respiratory infections and influenza (the flu) are caused by viruses, which could cause colored mucus. The patients ranged in age from 5 to 70. OTC expectorants, such as guaifenesin, help thin the mucus, making it easier to cough up. 2013;2013(6):CD000247. (2021). If you have allergies, the best way to prevent or reduce symptoms is to reduce or avoid contact with the things you are allergic to. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. If you have flu symptoms or are exposed to someone with the flu, contact your doctor right away. . It starts to become dry, making it cloudy and thick. This can last a long time, even after the virus has gone. Green-yellow stained phlegm is usually a sign your body is fighting an infection, such as a cold. THE CORONAVIRUS is linked with a plethora of symptoms, but a common occurrence among sufferers has been thick and copious mucus. (2015). It's a sign that your immune system is fighting to get better. See additional information. It can irritate the back of your throat and cause coughing. Blood may flow a bit if youve blown your nose a lot or if youve had some kind of hit to the nose. 2022;7(12):e152629. The good news? Green color. It may also turn white due to the presence of immune cells that your body sends to battle the illness. (2020). Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? My snot is green: A look at what your mucus says about your health, Patient education: Nonallergic rhinitis (runny or stuffy nose), Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis, Biochemical, biophysical, and immunological characterization of respiratory secretions in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, Antibiotic prescribing and use in doctor's offices: Sinus infection (sinusitis), Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection), What the color of your snot really means: decoding the various possible hues, The skinny on snot: What your child's mucus says about their health, During the early stages of a cold or other viral illness, Headaches that get better or worse with a change in position, Dry nasal passages due to illness or weather, Prolonged bleeding for more than 30 minutes, Heavy bleeding, or more than a tablespoon of blood, A prolonged fever of at least 102 degrees F, Pain and pressure in your sinuses and face, Symptoms that persist for more than 10 days, A pattern in which you start to feel better and then get sick again (this is a sign of a secondary infection, such as a bacterial infection after a virus), Fever that lasts for more than three days, Trouble breathing, fast breathing, or wheezing. Other potential causes of black snot include: Don't just assume you have black snot because you're a smoker, though. Black phlegm may indicate the presence of a fungal infection, a history of smoking, or other substances that a person has inhaled regularly. If your sputum is clear, yellow, or green, you may be OK to wait a few days or even weeks before making an appointment. Pneumonia symptoms and diagnosis. When someone has a cold or infection, the phlegm can become thickened and change color. The consistency of your phlegm can change due to many reasons. Phlegm is a type of mucus produced in the chest, which we make every day to clear irritations from our throats and keep our airways moist. Replace the filters on your heating/air conditioning units as recommended by manufacturer. Green or yellow phlegm is commonly caused by: You may also consider this color rusty in appearance. "Full-on red could be a nosebleed related most likely to trauma, or possibly infection," says Dr. Sindwani. As they continue to fight the infection, the phlegm picks them up, giving it a yellowish tinge. Get tips for soothing a sore throat, such as gargling salt water, rucking lozenges, using a humidifier, drinking tea with honey, staying hydrated, and, If you have black phlegm or mucus, breathing in pollution or other irritants, such as cigarette smoke, may be the cause. You may only cough it up if you are sick or develop a chronic lung disease. If you do get sick, get plenty of rest, drink water, and follow your Asthma Action Plan if you have asthma. Mucus can turn different colors for a variety of reasons. Support teaching, research, and patient care. If youre feeling congested or stuffy, you may notice your snot is white. You don't need antibiotics, but bed rest and home care can help. Paul Bollyky and his colleagues found high levels of a substance in the sputum of severe COVID-19 patients. But phlegm refers to mucus that the lungs specifically produce. Allergy-related phlegm will tend to be clear. It is uncomfortable. A leak happens when theres a tear in the membranes surrounding your brain, likely from injury or certain medical conditions, like hydrocephalus. Call 911 or go directly to the emergency room if you have these asthma symptoms: The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is a respiratory virus that started spreading worldwide in December 2019. usually indicates healthy lungs, but a lot of sputum may indicate a lung disease, allergy, or viral infection. But mucins levels in severe COVID-19 patients sputum varied a great deal. Levels of a stringy, spongy substance soar in the sputum of COVID-19 patients requiring intubation, accounting for at least some of their breathing trouble. This can be caused by: Blood in the nose is more common if you live in a dry climate or at a high elevation. Get emergency medical help if you have watery discharge along with: White mucus is often associated with a cold or other infection that causes a stuffy nose. Although you may feel quite ill, allergies arent caused by a virus. (2020). Along with a runny nose and sore throat, green phlegm is another cold-like symptom of COVID-19 . In other situations, blood in the mucus can indicate the presence of a serious medical condition such as tuberculosis, an abscess, or lung cancer. Dzieciolowska-Baran E, et. Your lungs and airways can start to produce extra phlegm when you catch a virus like COVID-19. Stanford Medicine is an integrated academic health system comprising the Stanford School of Medicine and adult and pediatric health care delivery systems. Rhinitis (Nasal Allergies). But if you're still sick after about 10 days, it could mean that you could have a bacterial infection. White blood cells are the cells of the immune system that are responsible for fighting germs. Black sputum is also called melanoptysis. This phlegm is mostly filled with water, protein, antibodies, and some dissolved salts to help lubricate and moisturize your respiratory system. These tangles turn patients sputum into stiff stuff thats tough to cough up, recalcitrant to oxygen exchange in the lungs and prone to inflammation as well as consequent fluid buildup. Like cystic fibrosis, severe COVID-19 is characterized by sputum a mishmash of mucus, cellular debris, various immunologically active agents, salts and more thats so viscous it sticks in the lungs instead of being cleared out by the method evolution designed: coughing. Allergic rhinitis or hay fever may also cause clear, runny nasal discharge. Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Antibodies in blood soon after COVID-19 onset may predict severity, Researchers identify more than 1,000 genes linked to severe COVID-19. Black mucus or phlegm is usually a sign of an underlying condition, smoking, or exposure to pollutants. Breathe in through your mouth and pour the solution into the upper nostril. Unless you have an underlying medical condition, you may not notice your sputum. The color change is due to the death of the white blood cells that came to fight off germs, which the snot is helping wash away. Treatments can include nasal sprays, antihistamines, decongestants, and immunotherapy (allergy shots). Blood in your snot will tinge it pink or red. These patients are literally drowning in their own respiratory secretions, Bollyky said, butthat accumulation isexceptionally difficult to dislodge, contributing to the infamous dry cough of COVID-19. Might there be a safer small molecule that could pinch hit for the enzyme that breaks down hyaloronan, the most appealing drug target in the trio of polymeric contributors to COVID-19 lungs goopy gridlock? Snot is produced by your sinuses as protection against the outside world and its many viruses and other dangers. It differs from saliva, which is produced higher up in the mouth. Once it reaches the stomach, it dissolves. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. This combination may mean you are experiencing congestive heart failure in a late stage. Unavailable in the United States, 4-MU was approved in Europe half a century ago and is widely available in Asia, Africa and the Middle East but only for treating a condition unrelated to COVID-19: Its used to counter biliary spasm (the intense pain experienced by people with gallstones when their gallbladders, periodically contracting to squirt bile into the digestive tract, wind up squeezing the stones). Your body is fighting back. People who have white, yellow, or green mucus that is present for more than a few days, or if they experience other symptoms, such as fever, chills, a cough, or sinus pain, should speak with a doctor. Changes in mucus color, from clear to white to yellow to green, are part of the normal course of an illness. In severe cases, brown mucus can even be a sign of a lung abscess, which is a painful collection of pus that is usually caused by a bacterial infection. Irritants and allergens can cause inflammation in your nose. You typically dont produce noticeable amounts of phlegm unless you are sick with a cold or have some other underlying medical issue. describes a recently concluded clinical trial, led by Bollyky, of a small-molecule drug thats been shown in lab studies to prevent the buildup of hyaluronan. Sometimes, phlegm can become thick and bothersome. All three substances are hydroscopic they soak up water like a sponge and agglomerate into gelatinous tangles, impairing oxygen exchange and thickening sputum to the point at which expelling it presents what can be an insurmountable challenge. This can be normal in The CDC recommends that people ages 6 months and older get the flu vaccine. We found a ton of hyaluronan in there, Bollyky said. There are many reasons for blood in the phlegm. That means they dont respond to antibiotics. Your body produces around 1.5 liters of this discharge each day, though you likely swallow most of it. Brown phlegm may indicate possible bleeding. Keep pets out of the bedroom to reduce pet dander allergen in your bedding. Yuck! Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Adults, on the other hand, may experience between two and three colds each year. Inflamed tissues both swell up and produce fluid. Email him at. Can't stop coughing? The earlier you treat asthma symptoms, the better your chances are of not having an asthma emergency. Sniffing and swallowing the nasal mucus is another option in the short term. It becomes thick and even cloudy both signs that you may have a cold or infection brewing. But those with severe COVID-19 who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may have a buildup of phlegm in the lungs.

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