The Asr group of people comprises of five different clans which relocated to the coastal settlements of Little Akra (Ga Mashie) after the destruction of Great Akra (Ayawaso) by the Akwamus in the early Sixteen Century. Asere is by far the largest quarter in terms of population and area. This in his opinion is the case of the coastal town of Kpone, once Adangme, is now Ga speaking.. James Town. INTRODUCTION It was the alliance of the British and indigenous coastal forces that kicked out the Asantes in the Battle of Dodowa of 1826. Coins placed in the coffins of the deceased believing that. This left the British in sole charge of the Ga littoralThe abolition of slave trade in the nineteenth century also opened new opportunities in Accra which included the settlement of the Brazilian freed slaves in Accra. Each town had a stool, which served as the central object of Ga ritual and war magic. The female spirit mediums usually communicate with their voices, unlike in the case of male mediums. Some Ga peoples believe that they were part of Israel- migrating from south through Uganda, then along the Congo River, westward through Cameroon, Nigeria, Benin, Togo and finally to Greater Accra. Accra became the most prominent Ga town and is now the capital of Ghana. Ghana Table of Contents. [11] P. Ozanne, Notes on the Early Archaeology of Accra, Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana, Vol.VI, 1962. Nevertheless, it is mandatory for any family who wants their deceased to be buried by the church to ensure that their designer knows how to create a bible-shaped coffin. Then they began to leave Egypt during 672-525 B.C. As Professor Odotei (ibid) forcefully points out, so far no definite date has been established for the first migration into the Accra plains. [2] D. K. Henderson-Quartey, The Ga of Ghana: History and Culture of a West African People, 2001. This in their view began with the establishment of a more centralized administration system, and military companies (Asafoi) under captains (Asafoiatsmi) that played prominent and important roles in the maintenance of law and order, as well as governance of these towns. For example, the horn the Akamanje Mantse sounds: Onipa nni aye; Onipa nni aye, Onipa to nsu mu a ma onko, Aboa to nsu mu a yino kodi. This is explained as follows: Man is ungrateful; Man is ungrateful, If a man falls into a river, let him drown; If an animal falls into a river, take it out to eat. In the words of Prof Odotei, the Wei from which the mantse is chosen is known as the jaase [Akan- Gyaase], whose function is to protect the king or Omanhene and perform menial tasks for him. I stored the picture below as my investigations led to Elmina Ghana. The Ga have lived in southern Ghana for more than a thousand years. I have a friend who prefers his name to be spelt and called Ampofu; instead of the traditional Ampofo. Although the Ga ethnic groups spearheaded the establishment of these six coastal towns, each has its own system of government and administration as well as social structures and organizations, without control from any central authority as found in other places. When Leah noticed that she had passed child-bearing age, she gave her maid servant, ZILPAH to wife. Here is how they view different cultural aspects: The Ga people have many cultural beliefs related to Shamanism and Christianity. The tribe believe that our ancestors guide us through life. It is argued that whereas the systems of marriage and the naming of children are uniform among the Akans, this differs from the traditions virtually common to the Ga-Adangbe and Ewe peoples. A section of Osu trace their origin to Osudoku in the Adanme area. Due to this, the Ga and Hebrew cultures greatly influence each others. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana New Series, No. These are the Tarbon of Ga Mashie. It might be of interest to learn that when the mediums of these gods are possessed, kple medium, per Prof Odotei, speaks Ga, Me medium speaks Fante and Akrong medium speaks Akuapim Twi. their spirits will use it in paying for their passage across the River Jordan. Nana Osei Tutu was also assisted by the Anumfuo (later Adumfuo) [Abrafuo] who accompanied him from Akwamu, in execution cases. Their staple foods are rice and yams, mostly when they are in season. Having corroborated the assertion of Field about the earliest Ga-speaking emigrants of the Ga Mashie community along the coast of Accra, Henderson-Quartey further indicated that apart from the Ga coastal community, the Ga Mashie inland community could be about four times that of its present littoral area with most of the surrounding hills having big towns on them. The following day in the morning, the chief bathes them using the blood of goats as a sign of dealing with an evil spirit that might make them incapable of reproducing. http://www.ghanadot.com have great information regarding this. There are other celebrations and festivals that these people have to prepare for every year. These were the people who lived South of Goshen along the eastern parts of the Nile river. Stride and Ifeka (1971, p.203) while corroborating these assertions of Field, further noted that it was at the end of the Fifteenth Century that the social organizations of the Ga towns began to change. A war captain among the Ga is known as Asafoiatse derived from the Akan Asafo (war company), and the asafo songs are mainly in Akan. Can you who say you are a stranger make me mankralo? Origin of Ga-Adangbe The Ga-Adangbe people came from a city in Egypt called Goshen. Competition to secure land for farming, control trade . The group stayed there for some years before leaving during 672-525 B.C. Dangme is the language that is most used in the Greater Accra Plains. Field (1937, p.142) associating with Reindorf noted that the Ga speaking emigrants began to arrive and settle among the lagoon-worshipping Kpshi aborigines probably at the end of the sixteenth century. Ghana is among the West African countries with rich traditions and cultures. So, international relations scholars have come to terms that in their efforts to [over]protect what appear on the surface as their own- being it history, culture, or lifestyle, closer inspection might shockingly or uncomfortably reveal to them something foreign. However, because much of the land was of thick bush inhabited by wild and dangerous animals, hunters who opened up tracts of these forests were recognized as owners of such places. Consequently, these extended family groups comprising of both emigrants and aborigines either through intermarriages or through assimilation, formed settlements that lived by farming and to some extent hunting. The Nungua Mantse, in consultation with the Ga Mashi Mantse gave Osu lands to the KADI GBOI as people of Osu were referred to. What can be said without qualms is that the Ga people were not stable, but dynamic and engaged in the very common phenomenon of migration- the Homowo [Passover] festival had its origin in such migration the second divide of belief attributed the unleavened com bread to that of Jewish unleavened flour bread as the ritual food, the red clay painted at the door posts and the way the people eat in hurry during the festival are linked to the traditions of the Jewish Passover feast. But like the said Ewe-Israeli ancestral links, this one too, I have difficulty to accept whole-heartedly in that we know that Israelis cherish their blood bond. They have a unique traditional kente cloth worn on special occasions. He protected him from the Denkyiras and when he was called to take over the Kwaaman stool Nana Ansa Sasraku provided him with 300 Asafomen from Akwamu to guide him to Kwaaman. The Origin of the Ga People The Ga people belong to the Ga-Dagbe group of Kwa people who inhabit the Greater Accra region of present day Ghana. Yet, the Ga symbols are held by some of the community elders. This Ga settlement areas is bounded on the East by the Tshemu lagoon near Tema, on the West by the Sakumofio River, the North by Akuapem Mountains and the South by the Gulf of Guinea. Ghana was populated by Soninke clans of Mande-speaking people who acted as intermediaries between the Arab and Amazigh (Berber) salt traders . Although both languages are derived from a common proto-Ga-Adangbe ancestral language, modern Ga and Adangbe are mutually unintelligible. Ga-Dangmes custom of circumcision of their male born and their patriarch traditions further lend support to their Hebrew Israelites origins (Genesis 17: 1-12). The Holy Bible tells us that, there were about 603,550 Hebrews who left Egypt; this They mainly live in the Greater Accra region. It is believed that the Ga-Dangmes Kingdom at AYAWASO was the first Kingdom in GHANA. He further posits that while in Nigeria, these groups once again separated, with one part moving west to the land of the ancient Benins, while the rest moved north-west to Ife in the Yoruba land. Besides, this led to the effective control of the local population and the maintenance of law and order within these trading enclaves to safeguard the traffic of goods between the hinterlands and the coast for the benefit of their respective companies. This group was further split into 2 groups; with the first group travelling straight They are also used to enforce particular virtues. the Nile which is the south of Sudan. They speak a variety of Kwa languages of the Niger-Congo language family. They settled then at around Afram Plains across the Black Volta and the Akuapim Hills and later spread to the south to occupy the coastal plains. They came from Goshen in Egypt. The activities require a lot of knowledge and are labour-intensive. The following forts: Crevecoeur (the Present Ussher fort), James Fort and Christiansborg, belonging to the Dutch, English and Danes, had been respectively, built. Thus, the arrival of the refugee emigrant families changed the landscape when the people of Wo Sagba, Wo Doku, Wo Krowor and Wo Kpele established the coastal towns of Ga Mashie, La Boni, Nungua, Tema and later on Osu and Teshie respectively. The date of the earliest settlement at Accra is not known, but that settlement was flourishing by the fifteenth century. Ga-History and The Ga People of Ghana - Studocu Succession to most offices held by women and inheritance of womens property are by matrilineal descent. Further growth came with the destruction of the original capital, Ayawaso, 2.1 miles (3.4 kilometers) northwest of Accra, by the Akwamu kingdom in 1677. Some of the Ga who left for Glidzi also returned to seek help from the Ga in Accra in the eighteenth century but ended up staying in Accra permanently. To many history enthusiasts, this Accra- Glidzi or Gold Coast-Togo connections from Professor Irene Odotei, might not be overly circumstantial. Since most of their towns scattered along the coast from Lanma (Mt. La and Nungua], is concerned, inter-marriage between patrilienal Ga women and the matrilineal Akan created nervousness in the mind of the Puritan Ga. Some of the people enslaved were described as AKAN in the slave records. Elminas storerooms were converted to dungeons as other European powers built lodges and forts on what became known as the Gold Coast and began competing fiercely for their share of the trade from the mid-1600s on. Enjoy reading our stories? Among them is the Kpakpatse We Royal Family, whose history we shall discuss in this discourse. On entertainment, it is said that Ga recreational music such as asoayere and adowa are entirely in Akan, whilst others like tuumatu, kaadiohefeosee, siolele, adaawe and kpanlogo which are Ga, often include words or lines in Akan and occasionally other languages, such as Ewe and English. Oral traditions had it that after the destruction of the Ayawaso Township by the Akwamu, and the death of the then Ga Mants Okaikoi in 1660, remnants of the Ga decided to come down from their hilly abode and join their friends and relations along the coast. The Hebrews spread across the whole land; from Goshen (north of Egypt, the Nile which is the south of Sudan. The Ga-Adangbe or Ga Adangme people are usually grouped as part of the Ga-Dangme ethnolinguistic groups of Ghana, Benin, and Togo. The cited examples: Sakisi saks (Danish) scissors; klakun klakun (Danish) Kalkoen (Dutch) turkey; Duku Doek (Dutch) Scarf; Flonoo Forno (Portuguese) Owen; Atrakpoi Trappe (Danish) Stairs. e oldest area of settlement in Accra, now known as Central Accra, is composed of seven quarters, among which Asere, Abola, and Gbese are oldest and considered to be the most traditionally Ga. Otublohum originally was settled by people from Akwamu and Denkyera to the northwest. After settling in West Africa, Ga and Adangbe were highly influenced by their neighbours. Bible(Numbers 1 vs 26-47). Yet it might be simplistic if not erroneous if the Akan is to predict the extinction of the Ga Language. Throughout the culture and history of the Ga-Dangmes of Ghana, is a very strong conclusive evidence that they are direct descendants of the Hebrew Israelties that migrated to West Africa by way of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Lake Chad, Ile-Ife, Dahome, Togo and to . Even though these narratives of the origin of the Ga-speaking people depended mainly on the generics of oral traditions, legends, etc: it is obvious that names of certain places such as Tetetutu, Benin, Boni, Boma, Sam or Seme, Aneho and others have featured prominently in the migration stories of most scholars of Ga history. (UNESCO) Vol. Through my own research I have found that the Ga-Dnagmes believe in one supreme being and an evil being who we would call Satan in Europe society. Their original religion is associated with a spirit called ordzemawon. Ghana - The Ga-Adangbe - Country Studies [8] G. T. Stride and Ifeka, C. People and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800, 1971. On the contrary, Amartey (1991, pp.13-14) narrating from oral traditions or folkloric sources gave a different version of the migration story of the Ga in Gami Ashikwi (Origin of the Ga). Elmina is conveniently located at the shore line providing a means of transporting the slaves at the time. They also eat and sell fish, maize, and beer. Like any other African tribe, the Ga-Adangbe tribe has hundreds of symbols with deep meanings and specific messages. Due to their social mobility, the Dagaaba or Dagarti can be found in almost every part of Ghana and in other West African Countries like Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast. Below is a quote from their blog. While Akumadzei one of the seven quarters of Ga Mashie community was of Guan origin. After successfully passing all these tests, they are taught by ritual mothers how to give birth, nature, housekeeping, cleaning, seduce, and treat their husbands well. In this way, to quote Bruce-Myers (1927, p.168), the humble fishing villages which the Portuguese saw from their ships in the 1490s developed into the capital of the independent Republic of Ghana. Thus, this community which until the beginning of the twentieth century was limited to the confines of the Ga traditional settlements along the coast; between the Christiansborg Castle, Ussher and James Forts, and the Korle lagoon, has grown in leaps and bounds despite its chequered history. Promoting financial literacy in a fintech era: Some considerations Biblical history suggests that Jacob, whom God named YISRAEL had Leah as his wife who gave birth to four sons for him. Where do the Ga-Adangbe come from? where they stayed for a long time; this place was called Boma near the beach town Cabinda in Congo (Zaire), but The Dagaaba people (Dagarti or Dagara, singular Dagao) are very sociable, hardworking agriculturalist and highly educated ethnic group in the Northern Region of Ghana. (Supply chain), Information Communication Technology (ICT/10), Inleiding tot de Rechtswetenschap (IRW 1.1), Avar Kamps,Makine Mhendislii (46000), Power distribution and utilization (EE-312), Financial institutions management chap017 Liquidity risk, EBCU 001;Education Research(Research Methods), Solution Manual Database System Concepts 6th Edition, [ Peugeot] Manual de taller Peugeot 407 2004, Kotler mm14 tif13test bank for marketing management Koter, Word Practical questions for exercises-37524, Ramazan Yetgin KPSS Tarih Ders Notlar-dntrld, Students Work Experience Program (SWEP) Report, Business Statistics and Mathematics Solved Past Papers, B.com Part 1 Punjab University 2009-2018, The problem and prospects of auditing profession in BD, Commercial Geography Final Notes XII Complete, Python Final Report - This is phyton solution, Assignment 1. Biblical history suggests that Jacob, whom God named YISRAEL had Leah as his wife who gave birth to four sons for him. These settlements, according to him were bound on the west by the Densu River and stretched eastward from the hills of Weija and Kplagon to the Laloi River in the Shai Plains could boast of some stone buildings with extensive iron works. They even borrowed some of the vocabularies from Guan, particularly the words relating to statecraft and economic activities. 27, 1927. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It is also to be noted that the tribe of Ga are no longer just found in Africa. Besides, in Ga religious expressions, mpai (libation), otutu (a mound of shrine) etc, are also of Akan origin. Between 1700-1250 BC, the then Egyptian king, King Thuthmos 2 ruled over the Hebrews who were slaves of Several questions have been asked about the Ga-Adangbe people. way; long after they left Egypt(S/Ethiopia). Guang people. After what is believed to have been a very long stay in Boma, the Gas decided once again that it was time to Yen.com.gh also discussed how Christians celebrate Easter in Ghana. Cook Loaf) to Fla i.e. These are the languages that they speak in that area. east towards the Horn of Africa. (also only done after the 8th day); Patrilineal nature of Gas (inheritance from father side); The importance of These four quarters make up Ussher Town, the area placed under Dutch jurisdiction in the seventeenth century. Each town had a stool, which served as the central object of Ga ritual and war magic. Jacob has two sons with Rachel. According to him, historically, the Ga of Ghana were believed to have once lived along the eastern part of the banks of the River Nile during the reign of Thothmes II, the then Pharaoh of Egypt, circa 1700 -1250 BCE. COMMENTARY For most international relations students; it could be remembered that the dilemma in battle defeats or conquests and occupation- directly or indirectly, in the process of state formation and/or building, alter many facets of victims cherished purified cultures and traditions- even where the occupation had been for a minute or microseconds. They usually make carved stools, jewellery, richly woven cloth, brass gold weights, and gold aircraft. Also, the DIPO or OTUFO customs of the Ga-Dangmes are said to be ancient Hebrew Israelites customs. leader, Queen Sheba whos story is in the Holy Bible. Among other towns founded by the Ga was Aneho. Yes, Professor Adu-Boahen(1975) sates that the Ga-Adangbe differ not only linguistically but also culturally from the Akans. These three quarters are commonly called James Town and formed the original area of British jurisdiction at Accra. The Adangbe are found to the east, the Ga groups, to the west of the Accra coastlands. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). themselves into two groups; one group travelled west towards mainland Nigeria to a place called Benin, where Everything you need to know, Kim Kardashian considers leaving reality TV to become a full-time lawyer, her plan sparks reactions, British woman gives birth to Irish Twins 9 months apart, video goes viral, US may risk debt default 'as early as June 1': Yellen, Australia targets Big Tobacco in crackdown on vaping, "Signs of economic recovery are obvious": Akufo-Addo tells workers at May Day event. According to him, historically, the Ga of Ghana were believed to have once lived along the eastern part of the banks of the River Nile during the reign of Thothmes II, the then Pharaoh of Egypt, circa 1700 1250 BCE. today its part on Angola. [2] [3] The Ga-Dangmes are one ethnic group that lives primarily in the Greater Accra of Ghana. It is the largest group as compared to others. These areas stretched northwards to the boundaries of the plains of Accra and were under the control of their own governments and administrations. While asapatre (Shoe), goa (Guava), dashi (Bribe), gudiimin (Good Evening), moonimooni (Good Morning), feesi (First) are corrupted forms of Portuguese and English words respectively. They then followed River Congo to its estuary (where it enters the see) The Asr group of people comprises of five different clans which relocated to the coastal settlements of Little Akra (Ga Mashie) after the destruction of Great Akra (Ayawaso) by the Akwamus in the early Sixteen Century. Merchants in Accra acted as middlepersons in the trade of slaves, gold, and other commodities between the Europeans and the Asante kingdom to the north. Alata was settled by Nigerian workers imported to construct a European fort. [7] F. K. Buah, West Africa and Europe, 1967. suffering of his people at the hands of God almighty. Asante Fordjour ABSTRACT From the mystical Akan historical accounts of the Ga peoples; and not until I had the privilege of reading from Professor Irene Odotei (External Influence on Ga Society and Culture), all that I knew about Nkranfuo [the Gamee] was the empirical belief that their ancestors, mysteriously, fled from Ilfe, in the ancient Nigeria, in their columns like soldier-ants along the Gulf of Guinea to their present settlements, in a date which is hard to be traced.

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